1, the genre has experimental pedagogy, which is characterized by opposing the speculative and empirical research methods of traditional pedagogy and emphasizing quantitative research methods. However, due to the influence of positivism and natural science research methods, the experimental methods advocated by it have great limitations;

2. Cultural pedagogy is characterized by attaching importance to the study of historical knowledge and the dialogue between teachers and students, and attaching importance to the edification and awakening of people's minds by education;

3. Pragmatic pedagogy based on American pragmatism is the educational expression of capitalist spirit, which deeply criticizes the traditional educational concept and promotes the development of pedagogy;

4. Institutional pedagogy is characterized by paying attention to the relationship between education and society, attaching importance to the influence of the external environment of education, especially institutional problems, promoting the development of educational sociology, and relying too much on psychoanalytic theory to analyze the relationship between system and individual behavior;

5. The characteristics of Marxist pedagogy are the exposition of educational problems by Marxist classic writers such as Marx and Engels, and the research results of educators on a series of problems in modern education based on and using the basic principles of Marxism.

The 20th century is a century of active and developing pedagogy, and many schools have emerged, which criticize each other, learn from each other and innovate constantly. 65438+ The theory of studying children's development and its relationship with education by the experimental method of natural science rose in some countries in Europe and America at the end of the 20th century. Its representative figures are German Man Mei and Rai, and its representative works mainly include Man Mei's Introduction to Experimental Pedagogy (1907), Outline of Experimental Pedagogy (19 14) and Rai's Experimental Pedagogy (1908).