Supracline: located on both sides of occipital protuberance, it extends and bends to the root of mastoid, and is attached to sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle.
Occipital protuberance: the bony protuberance in the center of occipital scale, located at the junction of head and neck, with a ligament attached to the mastoid part of the midline of occipital area.
Mastoid process: Mastoid process is a dome-shaped bony protrusion located behind the earlobe, which is a part of the mastoid part of the temporal bone.
The 7th cervical vertebra: It is located at the junction of cervical vertebra and thoracic vertebra, so its shape is close to that of thoracic vertebra. The spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra is longer and thicker than that of other cervical vertebrae, extending horizontally to the rear, with no bifurcation at the end, showing a nodular shape, and often forming a bulge under the skin, so the seventh cervical vertebra is also called a carina.
Thyroid cartilage: square cartilage in front of the neck, unpaired, one left and one right, composed of left and right cartilage plates, and the front edges of the four edges heal each other. It is called the anterior horn, and the upper end of the anterior horn protrudes forward, which is called the Adam's apple.
Circumferential cartilage: immediately below thyroid cartilage, unpaired, located at the lowest point of larynx and the highest point of trachea, connected with the highest point of trachea to form a ring.
sternocleidomastoideus
Location: located in the deep surface of platysma, on both sides of the neck, divided into sternum and clavicle. Starting point: anterior sternal stalk 1/3, upper edge of sternal end of clavicle. Stop point: mastoid process of temporal bone, outside the superior nuchal line.
Motor function: unilateral contraction, head bending to the same side, head turning to the opposite side, both sides contracting at the same time, the muscles behind the frontal axis of the atlanto-occipital joint work together to make the head stretch backward, and the muscles in front of the frontal axis of the atlanto-occipital joint work together to make the head bend forward (such as heading the ball). Nerve innervation: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the 11th pair of cranial nerves (ⅶ) and some anterior branches of cervical plexus (C3 and C4). Practice method: the head rotates vertically with load, such as the head and neck of the top sandbag.
Musculus platysma
Location: platysma is a thin and wide muscle, which is located under the skin at the front of the neck and closely adheres to the skin. Starting point: the lower starting point of platysma starts from the fascia of pectoralis major and deltoid muscle, and the muscle fibers are obliquely upward and inward, passing through clavicle and mandible to face. Stop point: the anterior muscle fibers stop at the mandibular floor and mandibular corners, and the anterior muscle fibers cross each other from left to right, and then the muscle fibers migrate to the parotid masseter fascia and some facial muscle surfaces.
Motor function: when contracting, pull down the mouth to wrinkle the neck skin. Nerve innervation: cervical branch of facial nerve (ⅶ).
Anterior scalene muscle
Location: located in the deep surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle and in the lateral triangle of neck. Starting point: 3 ~ 6
Anterior tubercle of cervical transverse process. Stop point: No.65438 +0
Tubercle of scalene muscle at the inner edge of rib. Motor function: lift 1 ribs for neck abduction and assist inhalation. Nerve innervation: the anterior branch of the cervical nerve (C5 ~ C7).
Musculus scalenus medialis
Location: Behind the anterior scalene muscle. Starting point: the tubercle behind the transverse process of the second to sixth cervical vertebrae. Stop point: No.65438 +0
Above the ribs. Motor function: lift 1 ribs for neck abduction and assist inhalation. Nerve innervation: the anterior branch of the cervical nerve (C2 ~ C8).
Posterior scalene muscle
Location: Behind scalene muscle. Starting point: 5 ~ 7
Posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process. Stop point: No.2
Tuberosity of lateral middle part of rib. Motor function: lift the second rib to help inhale. Nerve innervation: the anterior branch of the cervical nerve (C5 ~ C6).
trapezius
Location: trapezius muscle is located in the nape of neck and upper back, with one side extending from the midline of nape of neck and chest to acromion in a triangular outline, the bottom facing the spine, the tip at acromion, and the trapezius muscles on both sides forming a diamond shape. Starting point: 1/3 on the nuchal line, occipital protuberance, the full length of nuchal ligament, spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, spinous process of all thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligament. Stop point: the upper fiber stops at the outside of clavicle 1/3, the middle fiber stops at the outer edge of acromion and scapular ridge, and the lower fiber stops at the upper edge of scapular ridge.
Motor function: the spine is fixed, and when the upper muscle bundle contracts, the scapula is lifted, rotated and retracted, and the scapula is close to the spine; The contraction of the middle muscle bundle makes the scapula retract; The lower muscle bundle contracts, causing the scapula to descend and rotate upward; Both sides contract at the same time, causing the scapula to retract; When the scapula is fixed, one side of the upper muscle bundle contracts, so that the head contracts to the same side, so that the head leans back and the spine is straight. The upper fiber of this muscle lifts the scapula and the lower fiber lowers the scapula. When it is paralyzed, shoulder collapse may occur.
Nerve innervation: It is innervated by the 11th cranial nerve (ⅶ). Practice method: lift and shrug; Lift your head with straight arms, straighten your arms and abduct, and expand your chest with weights (holding dumbbells).
levator scapulae
Location: Located on the deep surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle. Starting point: 1 ~ 4 posterior tubercle of cervical transverse process. Stop point: the medial angle of the spinous margin of scapula. Motor function: when approaching fixation, lift the scapula and turn the scapula to the upper inside. When far fixed, one side contracts, so that the head and neck bend to the same side, extend backward and swing downward; Contraction on both sides straightens the neck. Nerve innervation: C3 ~ C4 of cervical plexus and dorsal scapular nerve of brachial plexus.
sternohyoid muscle
Location: Located on both sides of the anterior midline of the neck. Starting point: behind sternoclavicular joint capsule, behind sternal stalk, sternal end of clavicle. Stop point: the medial part of the hyoid bone. Motor function: lower hyoid bone. Nerve innervation: loop of neck (C 1 ~ C3).
Muscle scapulohyoid muscle (upper abdominal muscle)
Location: Located in the deep surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle, it is divided into upper abdomen and lower abdomen. Starting point: The lower abdomen starts from the upper edge of scapula and transverse scapular ligament. Move into the middle tendon and turn inward and upward to the upper abdomen. Stop point: the lower edge of the lateral hyoid body. Motor function: lower hyoid bone. Nerve innervation: loop of neck (C 1 ~ C3).