Chinese characters played a key role in the process of ancient Vietnamese absorbing ancient China culture dominated by Confucianism. It can be said that the ancient Vietnamese cultural tradition was inherited and developed to a great extent through the extensive and long-term use of Chinese characters. As Weiying Tao, a famous Vietnamese historian, said in his Ancient History of Vietnam, Chinese characters are "the cultural treasure house of Vietnam".
Before Vietnam's independence, although Chinese characters had been used for more than 1000 years, during this period 1000 years, few Vietnamese locals wrote and passed down Chinese characters. After independence, especially after the Li Dynasty, the role of Chinese characters in Vietnamese society and culture has become more important. Chinese characters are not only the main carrier of spreading cultural information, but also an important foundation and tool for creatively developing Vietnamese national culture. This is obviously closely related to the fact that Confucianism became the main and orthodox ideology of Vietnam's feudal country after the Li Dynasty. With the expanding function and influence of Confucianism, the influence and function of ancient China culture in Viet Nam are also expanding. With the development of Confucian education and the popularization of imperial examination system, every scholar must study hard and master Chinese characters.
During Vietnam's independence, most of his philosophy, Confucian classics and historical works were written in Chinese. During the 400-odd years from the Li Dynasty to the Chen Dynasty, Vietnamese scholars have written more than 40 works in Chinese, among which political and legal works include Criminal Law, Rites of the State Dynasty, Criminal Law, Rites of Jianzhong and Grand Ceremony of the Chen Dynasty. Military works include "Introduction to Military Strategists"; Historical works include Zhongxing Lu, Chronicle of Vietnam, Outline of Vietnamese History, Historical Records of Da Yue, etc. Confucian classics works and miscellaneous notes include About Four Books and Ghost Collection in Yuedian. During the Li Dynasty, China had more books. Works related to historical geography include Historical Records of Da Yue, Mirror of Da Yue, History of China, A Case Study of Yue Family, Annam's Unification and so on. The works related to Confucian classics include The Book of Changes and On Skin. "The Book of Classics", "The Spring and Autumn Period" and so on. In addition, there are many related criminal laws and official systems. Medical monographs, etc. Ruan Chu's important works in Chinese include Da Nan Hui Dian, Da Shi Nan Lu, Biographies of Da Nan, Da Nan Tong Zhi, Yue Wang Yu Zhi, Yue Shi Tong Jian, Chronicles of Dynasties, Who's Who in Ming Dynasty, Shi Nan Zhi, Hua Ying, Tong Zhi and Yu Zhi.
Under the influence of China's classical works and literary works, Vietnamese ancient literature, especially literary works written by literati in Chinese, has similarities with China's ancient literature in many aspects, such as ideology and style. Confucianism's thought of "saving the world by reaching out to the world", Laozi and Zhuangzi's quietness, and Buddhism's theory of epiphany, indifference, peace of mind and destiny have always been the main thoughts that dominated the ancient Vietnamese literati. Literary and artistic thoughts such as "writing to carry Tao" and "poetry to express ambition" have always been the guiding ideology that affects literati's literary creation, while lyric spirit is the common literary consciousness of ancient Vietnamese literati.
Li Chao's literary works are all written in Chinese. Taizu Loutai T issued the imperial edict to move the capital, which is considered to be the first influential literary work in the history of Vietnamese literature. From the very beginning, the imperial edict of moving the capital quoted allusions, which put the five movements of Shang Dynasty from Tang Wang (the founder of Shang Dynasty) to Pan Geng (the king of Shang Dynasty) (when Pan Geng ascended the throne, the internal disputes among the kings were fierce, the class contradictions were sharp and natural disasters were frequent, which made them face a serious crisis. In order to save the decline of the dynasty, Pan Geng decided to give up the original capital and move to the barren Yin. For more than 270 years, the capital of Shang Dynasty has been in Yin. Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, was ruled by the ancestor Zhou Shi (Zhou Chengwang, named Song Ji, son of King Wu, succeeded to the throne after his death. In the late reign, politics was clear and people lived and worked in peace and contentment, which was the basis for moving the capital. The last paragraph of the imperial edict says that Shenglong is "the capital above all emperors", which not only makes the reason why Shenglong is the most suitable capital clear and thorough, but also has beautiful writing, which shows that Vietnamese Chinese literature works have the "neat beauty" and "introverted beauty" like China classical literature from the beginning.
Influenced by China's Zen Buddhism and Zen poetry from the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Li Dynasty, Vietnamese Zen Buddhism prevailed, mostly Buddhist poets and monks who were active in the literary world. They used poems to express Zen and Zen into poetry, and created many Zen poems, most of which were seven-character quatrains or five-character quatrains. This kind of poetry often expresses Zen philosophy in a figurative way, and it is often written in a fresh and natural way with a strong Zen meaning.
By the time Chen and China's literature developed and prospered, Ci-nan literature also appeared. Vietnamese feudal social literature thus entered a new stage of development. Its distinctive feature is the dual track of literary language tools. The development and prosperity of China literature in this period are mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the team of literary creation is constantly expanding, and a large number of poets and writers have emerged in the literary world, such as Chen Guangqi, Fan Wulao, Chen Guangchao, Ruan Zhongyan, Zhang, Zhu An and Chen New Year's Day; Secondly, judging from the ideological tendency of literary works, Buddhism and Zen were the main works in the early days (which was naturally related to the good Buddha of the emperors in the early Chen Dynasty). After the middle period, Confucian scholars became the main force of literary creation team because of the dominant position of Confucianism; Third, from the perspective of literary works themselves, forms and genres are more diverse. Besides poems, words, essays and poems, there are also novels.
The literature in the early Chen period is still dominated by Buddhist works and Zen poems, and Zen masters such as Fallo and Xuanguang are famous poets in this period. Besides poets and monks, the emperors of the Chen Dynasty were also good at writing Zen poems. For example, Chen Shengzong's poems are few, quiet and Zen. The poem "Spring in the Palace" says: "The door is empty and dusty, and the path is covered with moss. During the day, I meditate and talk less. Colorful, who is the spring flower? " Chen Renzong is not only good at talking about Zen with poems, but also has written works about Zen, such as Sangha Breaking Things, Sleeping in a Stone Chamber, Zen Forest Iron Spoon, Quotations and so on.
In the later period of Chen Zhong, with the increasing status of Confucianism, Confucian scholars unified the literary world, and the style of writing and poetry changed greatly. Zhu An, a great scholar, wrote Collection of Wood, and his poems are mostly lyrical and indifferent. The poet Ruan Zhongyan wrote Xuan Jie's poems. He mourned the poet Chen Guosui's poem "Wan Cenlou Zi", which was affectionate and dignified. Zhang's prose "Bai Teng Xi Fu" is a famous piece in the history of Vietnamese literature. In Fu, the writer expressed the emotion of "thinking about the heroic past and sighing about the empty traces". Mo Ting's most admired poet is Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. He once wrote poems praising Tao Yuanming's character. His literary accomplishment in China is extremely high, and his poem "Yu Jing Lian Fu" has beautiful language and vivid image, which is extremely beautiful in Vietnamese literature.
Under the influence of China's tales of the Six Dynasties (novels mainly describing ghosts and gods) and the legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties (short stories in classical Chinese, the plots of which are mostly bizarre), China's first novel, Yuedianji, appeared in the Chen Dynasty. The novel tells the story of heroic martyrs who adopted daughters in Vietnamese history since the Stone Association, praising them for being born as English and dying as spirit, so it is named Yue Dian Ghost.
The Li Dynasty is the mature period of Vietnamese ancient literature, which is marked by the emergence of a group of great writers whose works can represent the highest achievements of Vietnamese ancient literature. The outstanding representative of these writers is Ruan Lu (ZHI) in the early years of the Li Dynasty.
Ruan Lu (A.D. 1380 ~ 1442) was not only a writer, but also a politician. He helped Li Jue to establish the post-Li Dynasty and was crowned the champion for his meritorious service. In ancient Vietnam, Ruan Lu was called "Wen Sheng". UNESCO also honored him as a world cultural celebrity and held a commemorative event in his honor at 1980. Most of the documents in the early years of the Li Dynasty were written by Ruan Lu (edited as Ji Ling in the Army and Records of Lanshan). His "Several Masterpieces to Wu Ping" (patent: gào, an ancient warning article) was especially praised by the Vietnamese people, and even known as an "immortal masterpiece". The sketch is magnificent (pángbó) and full of nationalism.
Ruan Lu is also an outstanding poet. He left behind China's poetry anthology, Zhai Yi's Poetry Anthology, Zhai Yi's Legacy Anthology and Nanzi Guoyin's Poetry Anthology. His Chinese poems have deep feelings and fresh and fluent language. In his later years, Ruan Mi was dissatisfied with the corrupt politics of the Li Dynasty and once retired. His poem "Feeling Back in Kunshan" said: "It's just ten years since I left the mountain, and I'm back in Songju. The forest covered John, and the dust bowed its head and felt sorry for itself. The village has just arrived like a dream, and it is lucky to be alive and well. The house is under the cloud, the tea pillow is cooked, and the stone sleeps. "In the end, Ruanmi was framed and killed, and poetry in prison survived. It is extremely painful to write. The Collection of Guoyin Poems contains 254 poems of Nanzi, which is the earliest collection of Nanzi's poems.
The early emperors of the Li Dynasty were also good at writing poems, among which Li Sicheng (A.D. 1442 ~ 1497) was the second influential writer in the Li Dynasty. His poems of China include Splendid Mountains and Rivers, Nine Songs of Qiongyuan, Centennial Fu, Poems of Spring Clouds, Ode to Civilization, Zhu Ji's acceptance speech and so on. Although most of them praise the rule of feudal dynasty and advocate feudal ethics, there are also many excellent poems about objects, with strict rhythm and fresh style.
Ruan Bingqian, the third influential litterateur in the Li Dynasty, wrote thousands of Baiyun Poems, which reflected the social life and the interests of Confucian scholars at that time in all aspects. His poems are simple and easy to be accepted by people. Zheng (A.D. 17 10 ~ 1745) is regarded as the fourth influential writer in the Li Dynasty. He sent a special envoy to China, especially good at writing China's poems. Among them, the long poem "Want Women to Sing" with the theme of describing women's fate reflects the social reality at that time extensively and profoundly, showing "Who makes a career in the world, and the beauty is unlucky?" The theme of the first sentence. This 477-sentence Yuefu poem is known as "Vietnam's first-class fantasy book". Later, Vietnamese scholar Huang Keyong translated this poem into French, and Gao Chuntai translated it into English, which became famous in the international literary world.
In the early Ruan Dynasty (from the end of 18 to the middle of 19 century before France invaded Vietnam), Vietnamese ancient literature still developed, and the works of Confucian scholars were still dominated by Chinese poems and Chinese, but the literature of Nanzi was more mature. The most outstanding writer in this period was Nguyen You (yūu, A.D. 1765 ~ 1820), who was known as a "poet saint" in Vietnam because of his high attainments in Chinese. His handed down works include Selected Poems and Southern Miscellaneous Songs. 18 13, Ruan You went to China, arrived in Beijing via Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Hebei, and returned to China via Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi, which lasted more than a year and was written as "Northbound Miscellanies"13/kloc-0.
Also in Hangzhou, Ruan You had the opportunity to read Jin Qiaoyun Biography, a novel edited by a talented young man and criticized by Jin Shengtan. She was deeply moved by the story of a good woman, Wang Cuiqiao. She has been dusty for many years, but she has never failed Jin Lang. After returning home, based on this book, he wrote a 3254-line poem of the same name (also known as "A Heartbroken New Voice"), which vividly described Wang Cuiqiao's tragic experience of living in a brothel for more than ten years and reflected the reality of Vietnamese feudal society. The whole poem is full of sadness and rhyme, and it has reached a very high level in language use and characterization.
The important Vietnamese writers in this period are Ruan Zun, Ruan Gongzhu and Ruan Hegao. Ruan Huisi (A.D. 1743~ 1790) wrote a six-character poem Flower based on China's novel Flower. The whole poem consists of 1886 sentences. While skillfully using China's allusions, it keeps the essence of Vietnamese in the18th century, and it is also an important classic in Vietnam. Ruan Zun lived in seclusion all his life and wrote Poems of Luoshan, which is simple and elegant. Ruan Hegao, as well as Song Shan Wang and Sui of Ruan's imperial clan, all lost their literary titles. Emperor Said once wrote poems praising them, saying, "If literary works are superior to those of the former Han Dynasty, poetry will lose its prosperity in the Tang Dynasty." Although this is a compliment, it can be seen that their literary titles were prosperous at that time.
Looking at the three famous Vietnamese literature works of late Li and early Ruan, we can see that they all take the fate of women as the theme and reflect social life through the fate of women. 18 At the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2009, a group of talented female poets appeared in Vietnam. Such as Duan Shidian, He Xuanxiang, Wang Xin, and Mrs. Guan. Among them, the most influential poetess is He Xuanzang, who is very rebellious. She lashed out at polygamy, demanding that women's status and rights be safeguarded, so that they can get rid of the status of "suffering is useless and being slaves for free". Most of her poems are scattered. Today, there are only "Poems of Spring Fragrance" and 50 poems, all of which are treasures in Nanzi's literature.