First, guide students to self-observation and reflect, and enhance the effectiveness of learning activities. Primary school students' attention is mainly unintentional, and their attention is very unstable. They are not good at organizing their own learning process properly, their emotional expression is easy to change, they are not good at controlling their emotions and their will is weak. These are all related to poor self-cognitive ability and habits. In the teaching process, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' self-awareness ability and habits, and often remind students "I should pay attention to …" in class. It is necessary to guide students to analyze their own learning process and cognitive process and appreciate "how I think", "how I remember" and "how I imagine". It is necessary to guide students to seriously reflect on their own tastes, analyze and know themselves from multiple angles, examine themselves from multiple feedback information, and produce a sense of success, intoxication and expectation, so as to stimulate their internal drive to the maximum extent. The focus of students' reflective experience is to review, understand and reflect on the whole teaching process or key process. In learning activities, interests are transformed into interests, preferences form habits, hobbies and specialties, and the value of experience is pursued.

Secondly, we should always appreciate and establish an incentive mechanism to guide students to know themselves and establish a psychological state of self-esteem and self-confidence. The students in our school are relatively simple, but because they live in a foreign land, the adaptation to life and language barriers will make some students feel inferior. Teachers should let students overcome their inferiority through introspection. For example, after the exam, students should analyze their own exam situation. Did they get the correct answer completely or accidentally? Is the answer wrong, careless or wrong? So you can find out your strengths and weaknesses. Teachers should be good at excavating and mobilizing students' positive factors, overcoming their negative factors with their own positive factors, discovering themselves with students' self-confidence and internal force, activating hidden potential factors with students' interest and internal force, and adjusting some disoriented and irregular factors with students' internal needs. Make full use of students' internal positive factors and overcome their own negative factors with internal forces, so that students' potential can be developed, their emotions can be mobilized and their efforts can be successful. We should make full use of the principles of "mastering learning" and "procedural learning", so that students can reform teaching materials and teaching methods step by step, so that every student can have successful lessons to learn, constantly create a sense of success for students, and keep successful experiences in mind, thus forming students' self-confidence.

Guide students to analyze the realistic self, train their self-adjustment ability and transform themselves into ideal self.

An important sign of the development of primary school students' self-awareness is that individuals can not only correctly understand and evaluate themselves, but also consciously control and standardize their behavior to some extent. In the process of teaching, teachers should not only believe in students' self-control and let them complete tasks independently, but also check their completion at any time and mobilize their self-control in time to further develop students' self-regulation ability. In teaching, teachers should let students connect with their own thoughts in learning, and guide students to analyze themselves by writing compositions and keeping diaries. Senior pupils are independent and often self-righteous. We should educate them to treat themselves correctly, change their ideas and behaviors with the correct ideas they have learned, cultivate their self-adjustment ability, and make them adapt to the ever-changing information world and the dynamic and open teaching process.