The characteristics of autonomous learning are: (1) Autonomous learning is an active learning. The learning process is supported by intrinsic motivation, and positive emotional experience can be obtained from learning. (2) Autonomous learning is a kind of autonomous learning. Independence is the core quality of autonomous learning. Teachers should fully respect students' independence, actively encourage students to learn independently, create various opportunities for students to learn independently, let students play their independence and cultivate their independent learning ability. (3) Autonomous learning is a kind of learning without cognitive supervision. Teachers should cultivate students' self-awareness and self-monitoring of learning, so that students can self-monitor their cognitive activities in the process of learning and make corresponding debugging.
Then, how to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability in Chinese teaching? I think Chinese teachers should pay attention to the following problems:
First, establish the concept of autonomous education in Chinese teaching and establish the status of students' autonomous learning.
Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The ultimate goal of education lies in students' self-study and self-motivation. "Pedagogy believes that students have subjective initiative. They not only receive education, but also consciously and actively carry out self-education and self-development. The purpose of education is to cultivate autonomous learners who love learning all their lives. Then, Chinese teaching should establish the educational concept of "learner-centered", based on the cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability, and awaken students' autonomous learning consciousness. Therefore, Chinese teachers must completely change their guiding concepts, give full play to students' subjective initiative, and truly establish the status of autonomous learning. This is an important prerequisite for cultivating students' autonomous learning ability.
Second, straighten out the dominant position of teachers and change "teaching" into "guiding learning"
Modern educational theory tells us that students are the main body of cognitive and learning activities, their activities mainly stem from internal motivation, and their learning is a kind of "internal learning". The duty of a Chinese teacher is not to "teach", but to guide students to "learn". In Chinese teaching, students should not be passive listeners, but active seekers and explorers. Therefore, Chinese teachers should cultivate students' autonomous consciousness on the basis of respecting students' subjectivity, so that students can become the masters of learning. In teaching, teachers should gradually guide students to form a correct understanding of their subjective position, cultivate students' self-awareness and self-study ability, let students participate in the author's creation, and creatively supplement and sort out the "undecided" and "blank" in the works, so as to form their own novel and original opinions without being bound by the conclusions of predecessors and experts.
Thirdly, teachers should create a good and harmonious classroom teaching atmosphere and activate students' desire for autonomous learning.
Good classroom teaching atmosphere is the basic premise to realize subjective teaching and cultivate innovative spirit. Torrance's research shows that creative children often hide their opinions and ideas, because teachers can't understand and support their ideas, which has a serious inhibitory effect on their creativity. Therefore, teachers must change the traditional teaching environment that inhibits students' creativity, support students to express different opinions, encourage students to actively explore and create a good atmosphere for the growth of creative talents. Chinese teachers should create a hard classroom environment with "humanistic" characteristics. The humanity of Chinese subject knowledge and the interaction of learning process are very strong, and the completion of its teaching tasks and the realization of its teaching objectives depend on the optimization of Chinese classroom learning environment. Chinese teachers should also create a "humanized" classroom soft environment. In order to realize the real self-learning with subjective participation, we must create a spiritual environment for students, which is full of "humanity" and the integration of reason and mind. Chinese teachers should abandon the "dignity of teachers" advocated by the traditional educational concept, reposition the roles of teachers and students, change their roles, build a new relationship between teachers and students, pay attention to communicating emotions, change the traditional teaching environment that inhibits students' creativity, and pay special attention to establishing a democratic and harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
Fourth, step by step, so that students can experience the success of autonomous learning.
The difficulty of Chinese teaching should be moderate, so it is impossible for students to "get there in one jump" at once, whether they master knowledge or understand methods. We must follow the correct laws and methods and have a gradual accumulation process that conforms to students' cognitive laws. Teaching should proceed from reality and set appropriate goals. Teaching students to learn to learn must not be divorced from the specific teaching process, and teaching thinking methods simply and dogmatically. The process of Chinese learning is a process of exploration. Teachers should try to create situations in the teaching process, so that students have the opportunity to think, understand themselves and experience step by step. This exploration process is often not smooth sailing. Therefore, teaching should show a complete thinking process, let students know the tortuous process of learning, and let students gradually learn the method of autonomous learning in the process of learning knowledge.
Five, teachers should fully give students the right to choose independently.
Chinese teachers should let students choose their own learning methods. Every student has more or less his own familiar learning methods. When students study independently, we should try our best to encourage them to learn with their own familiar learning methods, so that they can learn to learn in their studies, rather than limiting them with one method. At the same time, let students choose the difficulty of learning as much as possible. Everyone is different, so teaching must be different from person to person, and students can't be forced, otherwise the expected effect will not be achieved. In classroom teaching, flexible and multi-level teaching tasks should be designed, so that students can choose the appropriate difficulty according to their learning ability.
Of course, there are many means and methods to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability. I believe that as long as our Chinese teachers change their ideas, consciously use various strategies in classroom control and train students to learn to discover, explore and innovate, Chinese classroom teaching will be full of vitality, truly cultivate students' autonomous learning ability and lay a good foundation for their lifelong learning and future development.