1. official school reform in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties ——:—; (1) Guozi Studies in the Western Jin Dynasty: It was established in the second year of Xianning, Xian Di, Jin Dynasty (276), which reflected the educational level and pioneered the learning of officials from scholars; (2) The "Four Museums" in the Southern Song Dynasty and its general concept: Emperor Wendi of the Southern Song Dynasty (438) ordered the opening of "Four Museums" (metaphysics, history, literature and Confucianism) in the capital, which was the earliest comprehensive school in China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ming Di (470) set up a general view of Ming Dynasty, a wine festival and four subjects: metaphysics, history, literature and Confucianism.

2. The completeness of the education system in Sui and Tang Dynasties. –; (1) Exploration and stability of cultural and educational policies: reviving Confucianism and attaching importance to Buddhism and Taoism; (2) The establishment of government educational management institutions and systems: Emperor Wendi of Sui established Guo Zi Temple, and in the third year, Yang Di changed his name to imperial academy, and set up a school with one person responsible for offering wine, setting up the central educational administrative agency and the chief executive for the first time; (3) Completeness of the central and local official school systems: ① Central official school. "Six Studies and One Museum" in Tang Dynasty (imperial academy, Sinology, Four Books, Calligraphy, Arithmetic, Law, Hong Wen Museum, Chongwen Museum); ② Local official schools. Chang is responsible for local public affairs;

3. Private schools-; –; The Tang Dynasty explicitly encouraged the establishment of private schools and taught various specialized knowledge in the form of private schools and home schools.

4. Characteristics of school education development-; –; (1) Established an educational administrative system managed at the central and local levels; (2) further improving the school education management system; (3) Enriching teaching content and expanding knowledge; (4) diversified school types and setting forms; (5) The educational level has been improved.

4. The establishment of the imperial examination system-; –; (1) The germination and establishment of the imperial examination system: Yang Di appointed ten imperial examination officials in three years, which was the beginning of the imperial examination system; (2) Procedures, subjects and methods of the imperial examination: ① The procedure of the imperial examination is the provincial examination-the official examination; ② Candidates come from apprentices and rural tributes; (3) The subjects of the imperial examination are: the imperial examination in Tang Dynasty and the military imperial examination. Imperial examinations are divided into two categories: routine subjects and institutional subjects. Regular courses are held regularly every year, and the subjects are Scholar, Ming Jing, Scholar, Scholar, Faming, Zi Ming, Shu Ming, History I, History III, Opening Ethan, Daoism, Boy Scouts and so on. Among them, six subjects are often held: Ming Jing, Jinshi, Faming, Zi Ming, Shu Ming and Scholar. (4) There are five methods in imperial examination, namely, sticking to classics, expressing ideas, oral examination, asking questions and writing poems; (3) The relationship between imperial examination system and school education ① The positive role is to promote the development of school education; A positive learning atmosphere has been formed in the whole society; It impacts the wrong ideas of valuing literature over martial arts, valuing classics over calculation and valuing adults over children. Corrupt the style of study and scholar's style, and corrode scholar's thought; Corrupt the school and social atmosphere, and the wind of corruption and bribery prevails; (4) the influence of imperial examination system

5. Yan Zhitui's educational thoughts-:-; (1) Yan Zhitui and Yan's Family Instructions: Yan's Family Instructions is the first systematic family education book in the history of China, which discusses children's family education and scholar-bureaucrat education in detail; (2) On the education of scholar-officials: From the perspective of human nature (the theory of three natures), this paper discusses the necessity and importance of the education of scholar-officials and emphasizes knowledge education. It is believed that the goal of education is to cultivate talents for governing the country, and the content of education should have both ability and political integrity. It is advocated that the Five Classics is a must-read book. (3) Family education theory: ① Early education; (2) combining leniency with severity; ③ the principle of mutual love; ④ Pay attention to language and moral education;

6. Han Yu's educational thought. –; (1) The Theory of Three Sexuality and its educational function: Sex and emotion are divided into three categories, with five virtues and seven emotions. The essence of top grade is goodness; The nature of China products can be good or hateful, and there is no conclusion yet; Inferior products are vicious in nature. Sex can move, but the level of sex can't move. People with the highest and middle quality can receive education, while those with the lowest quality can only be punished. Because people are born with the moral content of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust, Confucianism is the best educational content to carry forward this morality in education. On the one hand, Han Yu affirmed the extreme role of education in promoting the change of human nature, on the other hand, he thought that the role of education was limited, the three natures of human nature could not be changed, and education could only play the role of taste. This theory of human nature not only makes a reasonable argument for the hierarchy of feudal system, but also provides a theoretical basis for most people to receive feudal moral education, which is obviously fatalistic. (2) Thinking about talent training and selection: It is required to rectify the enrollment system of Chinese studies and expand the enrollment scope; Require eclectic selection of talents; (3) On respecting teachers: ① "A teacher must have a teacher" and "learning without a teacher" ② Teachers' mission of "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts": It is the first time in history that teachers' basic duties are reflected; ③ Establish a reasonable relationship between teachers and students: "Teachers don't have to be superior to apprentices, and apprentices don't have to be inferior to teachers".

For more details, please click: 20 15 PubMed: Summary of Educational History of Pedagogy Knowledge Points.

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