Parents can instill basic mathematical concepts into their children through dialogues, games, physical demonstrations, reading picture books and stories in daily life. The more solid and in-depth children understand, the easier it is for them to learn math well and make progress in school.
The following are some concepts of mathematics enlightenment for parents to learn and refer to. But don't put too much pressure on your children and yourself. The progress and degree of learning vary from person to person. Moreover, children have scientific study arrangements after school. Don't think of it as a "pre-school list".
1~2 years old
Positive numbers of 1, 1~ 10 and their reciprocal
From the infancy of children, parents can start "grinding their ears" and start "singing numbers" while teasing their children. Similar to the traditional nursery rhyme-"12345, go up the mountain and shoot tigers." This is a good mathematical enlightenment.
When the child can speak and guide the child to clearly say the number 1~ 10, the child's mathematics enlightenment officially begins. When children are familiar with positive numbers, they can begin to be familiar with the reciprocal of 10~ 1.
2. Know the number from 1 to 10.
After the child can clearly say 1~ 10, parents can help the child to match "sound" with "shape" and know the numbers through books, building blocks and so on. When children see numbers, they can pronounce them correctly.
3. Number arrangement of1~10
After children can know every number, parents can try to make their children arrange numbers, and they can make their children fall in love with digital games through building blocks and digital tiles.
4. Physical correspondence between1and 10
Materialize mathematics abstractly and apply it to life: let children simply count the number of objects, such as an apple, two biscuits and three books.
5. Basic two-dimensional shape
Children 1 year-old can begin to learn basic two-dimensional shapes: circle, triangle, square, rectangle, heart and so on. Daily necessities and toys can be used as "teaching AIDS" to help children establish basic geometric thinking.
6, the concept of big and small
The profit-seeking nature of biology can help children choose "bigger cakes", but understanding the concepts of "big and small" is not innate. Parents often ask their children such questions in life and games: which is bigger? Which is smaller? Watermelon is big, apple is small, and so on. As the months grow, tell children the concept of "bigger and smaller".
2~3 years old
1, the concept of "comparison"
When children are 2~3 years old, they can begin to understand some comparative concepts, such as light and heavy, high and short, long and short. Let children compare two different kinds of items and two items of the same kind in life and game.
2. The concept of quantity
Let the children distinguish "who has more rice in the bowl?" "Which plate has more apples?" Through this kind of number cognition exercise in life, children will gradually understand the size of the number itself, such as 5 or 10, which number is larger.
3. Cognition of 1~20
If children are already familiar with the positive, negative and disordered arrangement of 1~ 10, they can gradually increase the number to 1~20.
4. The concept of pairing
Pairing is a game that children like very much. Two identical or matching objects are "paired". For example, let children pair the same pair of socks and chopsticks.
3~4 years old
Cognition of 1 and 1~30
With the growth of children's age, the range of memory, arrangement and counting can be increased to 1~30.
2. The concepts of odd and even numbers
This concept can be based on children's "pairing" game, telling children that all items can be paired, that is, even numbers; After pairing, there is one more, which is odd. Chopsticks, socks, gloves and other items can still be used to help children understand this concept.
Step 3 obey the law
Children aged 3-4 begin to discover some "rules", such as the change of traffic lights: green, yellow, red, green, yellow, red ... Let children observe and predict what color the next light will be and exercise their logical thinking.
4. Time series
"Change pajamas first, then brush your teeth, and finally go to bed" can help children understand the sequence of things through the law of life, with the concept of "start, then, finally".
5. The concept of "half"
"An apple, half for mother and half for baby."
"Pour out half a glass of water and leave half."
The concept of "half" in life is easy to present. If the difficulty increases, you can test your children: for example, four apples, half for your father and half for your baby. How many apples does everyone have?
4~6 years old
1, the concept of "multiple"
This concept is a bit difficult for children. Let children try to understand the concept of twice, and "increasing the amount" is twice. You can use some small things in life to help children understand.
2. Count every other number.
When the baby can count 1~30 very smoothly, let the child try to count every other one: for example, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. It is also convenient to play with digital building blocks and digital refrigerator magnets, and children with high interest are willing to participate.
Step 3 group
Give your child a bunch of items and let him classify them according to specific attributes: for example, according to the shape, color and other attributes of the items. This led to the concept of "complete sets", such as a set of tableware and a set of books.
4. Three-dimensional shape
You can teach children some three-dimensional objects and features, such as spheres and cylinders, and you can use sand mold teaching AIDS.
5, volume and volume
When children master the length, size and height, they can judge the simple volume, such as cups of the same size, which cup has more water, and compare and describe the height, width and thickness of objects.
6. The concept of time
It is still a little difficult for preschool children to look at their watches. We can start with the cognition of hours and use the most relevant hours in children's lives, such as getting up at 7 o'clock, having lunch at 12 o'clock, having dinner at 18 o'clock and so on. At the corresponding time, let the children look at the clock to understand. This is also conducive to the management of children's study time.