Many studies have shown that it is very beneficial to carry out scientific enlightenment education for young children:
(1) can enrich knowledge;
(2) can develop intelligence;
(3) can cultivate curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Therefore, scientific enlightenment education for young children has received widespread attention.
The methods of children's scientific enlightenment are as follows:
1, observation: observation is purposefully and systematically inspiring children to use a variety of senses to perceive the objective world and phenomena, so as to obtain specific impressions. Such as observing the changes of seasons, observing the characteristics of animals and plants, observing natural phenomena (such as rainbows, thunderstorms, snow) and so on.
2. Small experiment: Small experiment is a special form of observation, which shows the characteristics and phenomena of objects through simple operation and demonstration according to scientific principles. Such as magnetic loss experiment, electric bead luminescence experiment, floating and sinking experiment and so on.
Using the "small experiment" method should do this:
(1) experimental equipment and materials: Small experiments are mainly operated by children, and necessary experimental equipment and materials for children must be provided. For example, supplies to be provided for the experiment of floating and sinking: water, bottles, iron boxes, iron pieces, wood blocks, plasticine, etc.
(2) Stimulate experimental interest: From the perspective of children's interest, put forward experimental requirements, such as "Can you make plasticine sink or float?" "Can you pull the matchbox with a magnet?" These questions can make children eager to try, and the experiment can be carried out well.
3. Make more use of common natural phenomena in life for education, such as rain, snow, fog and wind. Let children know that dragonflies fly low, ants move, the weather is sultry, and dark clouds cover the sky, all of which are precursors to rain; Wild geese fly south, flowers and plants wither, autumn wind is bleak, and grain is put into storage. This is the information that winter is coming.
According to family situation, let children directly participate in some planting and feeding activities. Plant some aquatic plants in bottles and jars, so that children can distinguish the shape and color of flowers, master the simple essentials of planting flowers, and learn to water and topdressing.
In addition, let children get in touch with nature and take them to the park to see flowers, animals and insects. Conditional, should lead children to travel.
4. Create scientific conditions at home. Post some scientific pictures or maps in the room so that children can get scientific influence every day. Let the child look at the thermometer and know the temperature of the day; Measure this table with a ruler to see how long it is; Count flowers, petals, etc.
Telling informative stories is often very popular. There is a fairy tale: one day, the old horse asked the pony to send a sack of salt and cotton with the same weight to grandma's house. When the pony crossed the river, both sacks were immersed in the water. After the pony crossed the river, he felt that the weights of the two sacks were different. At this time, let the children think about which sack is light and why. Stories like this can be told to children more often.
Listening to the radio and watching TV are convenient conditions for children to broaden their horizons. The megaphone broadcast of CCTV often contains scientific content, and TV also often broadcasts the animal world and the experiences of various countries. These are good textbooks for studying science.
7. In life, there are many interesting phenomena with simple scientific principles, which will arouse children's curiosity and questions. When the water is boiled, the lid of the pot is lifted, and two hands are rubbed together to get hot. You can find the lost needle with a magnet, and the rubber band that you can't wear can be soaked in hot water ... If you can guide children to observe, combined with demonstrations and explanations, you can understand the simple scientific principles such as steam power, friction heat generation, magnet attracting iron and objects expanding when heated and contracting when cooled.
8. Scientific enlightenment education can be carried out in games. If you put a wire between two empty matchboxes and straighten it, you can "make a phone call", and the electric toy can be rotated or started with a battery, from which children can learn about the knowledge of sound transmission and the role of electricity.
9. Scientific enlightenment education can also be carried out through interesting forms such as "small magic", "small experiment" and "small demonstration". For example, a white flower will turn into different colors when it is put into solutions with different pH values. Things with different materials, weights and shapes will rise and fall in water, which can make children understand that different colors of flowers are due to the reaction of anthocyanins to different pH values and understand the buoyancy of water.
10, it is an important way for children to acquire knowledge by themselves. Children playing by themselves can use and consolidate knowledge, solve some small problems and cultivate interest in learning and applying science. For example, how to find magnets from several similar stones, how to make "small magnets" and "small compasses" with steel needles and scrap iron (grinding on strong magnets), how to take the ball out of the tree hole by using the buoyancy of water, and so on.
There are eleven ways to guide children to read.
1 Raise expectations and increase reading interest. Children will notice what happens in the same way at the same time every day, so they can read books after breakfast, after work and before going to bed, making reading a must for children every day. Moreover, it should be quantified and gradually increased every day, such as: "Now we read 1 book and read 3 books before going to bed". In this way, children will have high expectations and love reading.
Give children a stage to develop their imagination. You can prepare some cards, write some words related to the content of the book on them, explain these words to the child, and let his imagination play. Such as: beautiful Lisa, forest, palace, monster, prince. Let him write his own story according to the plot he already knows.
3 Listening to the story of the Enlightenment, parents accompany their children to listen to the products with great interest. It can cultivate children's habit of paying attention to lectures, stimulate children's interest in reading, let children gradually understand the vocabulary, meaning and expression in the story, understand the charm conveyed by the story, and lay the foundation for children's extensive reading in the future.
Tell the story of parents and children sitting together, ask questions when turning pages, and guide children to read and understand the reading materials, such as: "Why did Pi Nuo's nose get longer?" "Do you want to be like him?"
Role-playing helps children pretend to be the characters in the book, let children pretend to be little red riding hood, and mother (father) pretends to be grandma wolf. The story continues to develop. It can greatly enhance children's interest in reading activities, improve children's language and action expression ability, and deepen their understanding of reading materials; It is conducive to the cognitive and emotional interaction between parents and children.
6 empathy method allows children to think from the standpoint of a role in the reading materials, put forward opinions and express their wishes, such as: "If you are Little Red Riding Hood, what would you do if you met the Wolf?" Empathy can help children deepen their perception and understanding of the role's situation, emotions and desires. Doing this often can cultivate children into a sensitive and serious person.
7. Adapting the plot method in reading, encouraging children to actively adapt the original plot of the story according to their own understanding and thinking. Doing so can broaden children's thinking, develop children's creative thinking, let children experience the fun of success and stimulate children's interest in continuing reading. For example, give advice to children: "What if Gao Ximu and Alibaba fall in love?"
8. Extended Imagination In reading activities, encouraging children to imagine what might happen before and after the plots provided by reading materials can develop the continuity of children's imagination and thinking, meet their psychological needs for perfection, improve their ability to use language and enhance their self-confidence. For example, "Aladdin was locked in a cave. What will happen to him? "
9. The guessing method in reading guidance allows children to observe the cover, guess the title, or guess the next plot, guess the role language, and recognize the title or keywords. Also let children guess the standards and symbols in daily life. It can enhance the interest of reading activities, improve children's understanding of the conversion relationship between pictures, characters and symbols, stimulate children's interest in Chinese characters and cultivate children's reasoning ability.
10, random guidance method: this method is often used when children are curious or encounter problems, which is closely related to daily life, so it is more effective. It plays a unique role in stimulating children's curiosity, cultivating children's insight and promoting parent-child communication. Such as: "where is the barber in our community?"
1 1, game method Parents use various forms of games as a means to stimulate their children's interest in reading activities in early reading guidance. Improve children's initiative to participate in reading activities, so that parents' demands are more easily accepted by children and transformed into their own wishes and motives. It is beneficial to cultivate children's lively and cheerful personality, let children experience the fun of family games and promote parent-child interaction.