The first step of educational research is to choose research questions. For a novice researcher, it is not a simple matter to determine the research problem, which involves determining the value of the problem, the relationship with the research topic, the conditions of the research problem and so on. When the research questions are determined, the whole research will have a direction and the follow-up work will be easier to carry out.
Second, put forward the hypothesis.
"Hypothesis" refers to rational speculation. Hypothesis is not a random guess, but a temporary answer to the question based on theory, past research findings, own experience or logical reasoning. In quantitative research based on statistical analysis, there are generally assumptions, while in qualitative research based on text description, there is no need to have research assumptions.
Third, design or choose research methods.
After establishing the research topic and hypothesis, the next thing to do is research design, that is, consider which method is more suitable for research, how to design and implement research tools, and so on. If researchers are engaged in quantitative research, they need to consider which statistical formula should be used in the analysis of various research hypotheses.
Fourth, collect information.
In the whole research process, this step actually involves collecting empirical data. Data collection must be guided by research questions or assumptions, otherwise the collected data will lose its meaning and value. In quantitative research, the tools for collecting data generally include questionnaires, observation scales and tests. In qualitative research, although researchers can also use questionnaires, tests and even cameras to collect data, researchers themselves are the most critical tools, because only researchers can grasp the meaning of events from their context.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) comes to a conclusion
In educational science research, the conclusion must be based on the collected data, and no conclusions other than the research results can be drawn. In quantitative research, the conclusion is usually obtained by analyzing the data by statistical methods, and the conclusion may support or overturn the hypothesis. In qualitative research, although statistical methods are not used in data analysis, data acquisition must go through the process of textual research.
Classification of educational investigation reports
Investigation reports are widely used and flexible in form, and can be classified from different angles. According to the research and description methods used in conducting educational investigation and analyzing the materials obtained from the investigation, educational investigation reports can be divided into two categories, namely quantitative investigation reports and qualitative investigation reports.
(1) quantitative investigation report. If the method of quantitative research is used in the investigation, the materials obtained in the investigation are analyzed and the investigation results are described. This type of investigation report is called quantitative investigation report. In a typical sense, quantitative investigation reports describe objects with numbers and measured values, not just words.
(2) Qualitative investigation report. If qualitative research methods are used in the process of investigation and study, as well as in the process of analyzing the materials obtained from investigation and describing the investigation results, this type of investigation report is called qualitative investigation report. Contrary to quantitative investigation reports, in a typical sense, qualitative investigation reports describe phenomena in words, rather than numbers and measurements.
Refer to the above? Baidu Encyclopedia-Education Investigation and Research