1. Holding a mission school in China-; –; ① Huaying College: 18 18 Ma Lixun was founded in Malacca, and 1843 went to Hong Kong, which was the first modern school mainly for Chinese; ② Ma Lixun School: 1839 Brown was founded in Macau, which was the first modern school in China; (3) Competitive establishment of missionary schools: mainly in ports with primary education level, small scale and poor facilities, mainly for poor children, generally offering subjects such as astronomy, geography and mathematics;

2. Establishment of Westernization School-; –; (1) The establishment, categories and characteristics of Westernization School: The original purpose was to train translators needed by the Westernization Movement. Its main types include ① foreign language ("dialect") schools, ② military ("ordnance") technical schools and 3 specialized technical and industrial schools; Its characteristics are: ① training all kinds of professionals with the goal of cultivating Westernization Movement; ② The content of education is mainly western language and art, offering natural science general courses and related science and technology courses of various majors, paying attention to understanding; ③ In terms of educational methods, we should pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, arrange courses step by step according to the difficulty of knowledge, generally set up an annual curriculum plan, establish an academic year system and adopt a class teaching system; (2) Shi Jing Wentong Museum: officially opened in June 1862. It is the first Westernization School in China, and also the earliest government-run new school. At the beginning of the school, it was a school specializing in foreign languages. There was only one British pavilion at the beginning. 1866 added the Astronomy and Arithmetic Museum, and 1902 merged into Shi Jing University Hall. Its characteristics are as follows: ① The training goal is no longer to be the reserve force of the feudal ruling class, but to train westernization talents who understand translation and westernization; (2) the curriculum is mainly based on western language and art; The study of Chinese classics runs through; (3) annual courses and class teaching system are adopted in teaching organization; ④ Teaching management is dominated by foreigners and controlled by foreign forces; Its significance lies in that Wentong Museum is feudal and colonial, the product of the combination of Qing government and foreign capitalism in education, the beginning of semi-colonial and semi-feudal social education in China, with a new form of running a school, and has formally incorporated science education into China education, making education a step forward; (3) Fujian Ship Administration School: also known as Qiushitang Art Bureau or Fuzhou Ship Administration School, founded in 1866 and officially started in1867; It was founded by the government in the late Qing Dynasty, aiming at cultivating technical talents in shipbuilding and navigation. It lasted for half a century, and it was the longest school of westernization, and also the cradle of naval talents in modern China.

3. The beginning of overseas education-; –; (1) Children studying in the United States: It began with 1872, and Hong Rong put forward the earliest proposal. 187 1 in September, Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang started "sending young children to the United States for undergraduate studies" on the basis of Hong Rong's "education plan". (2) Sending officials to stay in Europe: 1876, Chen went to France with French engineers to study in France. In fact, they were pioneers in modern China who sent officials to stay in Europe. 1877 March 3 1 day, the first batch of students studying in Europe sent by China in modern times set off for Europe; (3) Significance of studying abroad: 1 Although the scale is small, it is the most worthwhile step for China's education to go global. As far as the introduction of western learning is concerned, there is no more thorough way. 2. It spread bourgeois extravagant political theory and philosophy, and promoted social progress and the modernization of education in China.

4. The thought of "Chinese style and western style" and Zhang Zhidong's "persuasion"-also discussing with Mr. Zhang Zhidong: (1) the formation and development of the idea of "learning from the west in Chinese style": as early as 65438+60s, people (Wei Yuan, Feng Guifen, Xue Fucheng, Zheng, etc. ) The concept of "learning from the west in Chinese style" was expressed by the concepts of "main and auxiliary", "end of story" and "learning from the west in physical education", and "learning from middle school" was the first one. However, it was not until the spring of 1898 that Zhang Zhidong wrote "Encouraging Learning" that a relatively complete ideological system was formed. (2) Zhang Zhidong and "Persuasion": ① "Persuasion" is divided into internal and external chapters. The internal chapter starts from middle school, and the most important thing is to teach classics; From middle school, foreign articles talk about western politics, history and art, with special emphasis on western politics and art; The theme of the whole article is "middle school as the body, western learning for use"; (2) Manabu Nakanishi's relationship: "Old learning is the body, new learning is used, and it is not used." "Middle school rules the body and mind, while western learning deals with the world"; (3) The historical role and limitations of "Chinese style is western": ① The influence on education is far-reaching. Under the guidance of the idea of "learning from China and using the West", modern school education was founded and developed. Traditional education only focused on Confucianism, increased the knowledge of natural science, developed modern science and technology education in China, and trained the first generation of China scholars, which undoubtedly promoted the development of education in China.

For more details, please click: 20 15 PubMed: Summary of Educational History of Pedagogy Knowledge Points.

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