First, the background of the topic and the problems to be solved.
The value of the art curriculum in the nine-year compulsory education stage proposed by the Art Curriculum Standard is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, cultivate students' sentiment and improve their aesthetic ability;
2. Guide students to participate in cultural inheritance and exchange;
3. Develop students' perception ability and thinking ability in images;
4. Cultivate students' innovative spirit and technical awareness;
5. Promote students' personality formation and all-round development.
Combined with the actual situation of our school, this art teaching and research group has determined the topic of "Study on Effective Appreciation Strategies of Art Classroom Teaching in Primary Schools". Although primary school art appreciation occupies the least class hours in art teaching, the contradiction between teaching and learning is often prominent, so it is also a difficult point in art teaching. Art appreciation education can comprehensively promote the development of students' aesthetic ability. Curriculum Standard points out that "art education is to stimulate students' interest in feeling and expressing beauty, enrich their aesthetic experience, and make them experience the happiness of free expression and creation". Art appreciation is a series of interrelated psychological activities for students to increase their knowledge, enlighten their wisdom, delight their emotions and promote their energy through their feelings, imagination, experience, understanding and judgment of nature, works of art and living environment. So as to obtain lifelong and sustainable aesthetic creativity. How to improve the teaching quality of appreciation class is worth studying and discussing by our art teachers.
Second, the topic definition and theoretical assumptions
(A) the definition of primary school art appreciation
Appreciation: Appreciation is to find a meaningful place from a work, taste it slowly and get a very pleasant feeling. This is a seemingly simple but profound thing.
Art appreciation: Art appreciation is the appreciation of artistic works, and it is an activity to feel, experience, associate, analyze and judge artistic works by using perception, experience and knowledge, so as to gain aesthetic enjoyment and understand the artistic phenomenon behind their works.
Art appreciation teaching is an important form of aesthetic education for students, which forms a complete teaching system with painting and craft teaching. Starting from the overall goal and task of art teaching, appreciation teaching should not only educate students in aesthetics, but also attach importance to ideological quality education and cultural quality education, and guide them to a healthy, civilized and positive development path.
Theoretical hypothesis
As we all know, aesthetic education is an indispensable part of students' all-round development education. Rockwell Kent once said: "The highest purpose of art is to make people understand life more deeply, and then love life more."
Marx once quoted a vivid metaphor conceived by Hegel to illustrate the essential power of human beings to realize their happiness in creative activities: a little boy threw a stone into the water, and he saw that the ripples of the water were getting bigger and bigger. He appreciated his own creation and got great happiness from it ... Students got aesthetic pleasure, which is exactly the corresponding artistic representation of the world, that is, the spiritual embodiment of familiarity, kindness and strangeness. Students' knowledge acquisition is a process of active discovery.
2. Shakespeare once wrote in History as a Mirror: Qi Xin people appreciate new toys, whether they are made of old things or not, and would rather praise the inferior products with gold plating than appreciate the covered golden pool.
Therefore, as art teachers, our task is not only to appreciate a painting and a handicraft in class, but more importantly, to drive students to understand beauty independently and accept new ideas selectively.
Third, the research objectives
1. Through research, teachers regard works of art as aesthetic objects, take emotion as the leading factor, and guide students to know things and understand and appreciate their connotations.
2. Through research, analyze and master children's appreciation habits and characteristics from the direction of children's physiological, psychological and intellectual development, and use new educational and teaching concepts to guide children to improve their art appreciation ability.
3. Through research, according to the purpose and task of art appreciation teaching and its own special laws, use teaching materials flexibly and be good at cultivating and improving students' appreciation ability in combination with reality.
Iv. research object, method and process
(A) the research object
The research object of this topic is five-year primary school students, and the research is based on art classroom teaching and art interest activity classes.
(2) Research process
1. Preparation stage: 2065 438+00.3-2065 438+00.4.
(1) Investigate the current situation of art classes to understand students' interest in art appreciation.
(2) Collect information and learn theory.
(3) Write the project application report.
(4) study hard
2. Specific implementation stage: April 20 10. 9 to September 20 10.9.
(1) Write the opening report and adjust the project implementation plan.
(2) Continue to collect literature and enrich the theoretical basis.
(3) Explore the classroom teaching strategies of art appreciation.
(4) Write an interim report and adjust the implementation plan.
3. Summary stage: 20 10.9 to 20 10. 12.
(1) comprehensive summary and attribution analysis
(2) Writing a research report
(3) Organize research papers, teaching cases and other materials.
(3) Research methods
The research adopts investigation, interview, comparison, questionnaire, experience summary, literature review, field observation and case analysis.
Research content of verb (abbreviation of verb)
1. In the appreciation class, highlight new teaching concepts such as humanity, autonomy and creativity, and investigate, integrate and study related materials. In practice teaching, it is advocated to create an environment suitable for cultivating students' creativity and give full play to students' imagination and creativity.
2. Actively guide students to participate in art appreciation learning, gradually improve their aesthetic ability, cultivate noble sentiments and develop their intelligence.
3. Optimize classroom teaching as a whole, and pay attention to the investigation and research of related materials of different teaching methods such as multimedia.
4. Explore children art's appreciation education on the basis of intuitive teaching principle, strengthen intuitive teaching, pay attention to guiding students' identification with art disciplines, and enhance students' attention to improving art appreciation ability.
5. The establishment of the second art classroom. Such as: setting up an art interest group; Campus culture attaches importance to art teaching; The creation of family art learning atmosphere;
Sixth, experimental research guarantee: completed the research task, formulated the study and research system, and went out to study and learn from the advanced experience of other schools every academic year.
Seven, research need to pay attention to the problem and reflection.
The "Research on Art Appreciation Teaching in Primary Schools" proposed by us shows some advantages in the research, but there are also some places that must be strengthened and improved:
(1) In art appreciation, teachers often speak after the demonstration begins, which leads to the embarrassing scene of teachers' devotion and students' indifference, and appreciation becomes "appreciation". Art appreciation is the unity of subject and object, and appreciation activities must rely on the direct participation of students' subjects in order to stimulate students' appreciation feelings and gain profound experience. Too many detailed explanations by teachers are not conducive to students' real feelings about the works and to the cultivation of students' appreciation ability. At the same time, it also ignores the cultivation of students' creative personality, sometimes burying some students' individual creative thinking.
(2) Teachers will ignore the background of works and the social life of creation in the process of appreciating teaching. Appreciation should combine teachers' understanding with students' experience; Introduce the background of the work and the combination of the inherent artistry of the work and the students' emotional experience; Realize the combination of "inside and outside", gradually enrich students' knowledge structure and improve their aesthetic perception of artistic image.
(3) How to combine art appreciation teaching with students' real life and extracurricular activities needs further study.
Eight, the preliminary results of the study.
Through one year's experiment and research, teachers and students are delighted to feel the remarkable effect, especially the students' art appreciation ability has been greatly improved, enriching the students' visual language, which has been highly valued by the teachers and students of the whole school.
student
1, gradually cultivate students' aesthetic ability of art appreciation.
The aesthetic ability plays a very important role in the cultivation and development of students' observation, imagination and creativity. Primary school students themselves should strengthen the study of aesthetic knowledge, increase the accumulation of aesthetic knowledge, make clear what is beauty, what is aesthetics and why they want aesthetics, and strive to make these basic aesthetic knowledge clear so as to lay a solid foundation for the improvement of aesthetic ability. In the teaching of appreciation, the four teaching methods of seeing, speaking, distinguishing and speaking are interrelated, complementary and penetrating, while the teaching of appreciation and evaluation in senior grades focuses on distinguishing and speaking, supplemented by watching and speaking, and focuses on cultivating students to gradually improve their visual perception and master the use of language, words and body to express their feelings and understanding.
To improve the aesthetic ability of primary school students, it is necessary to strengthen the appreciation of music, dance, opera and other works of art and cultivate their artistic accomplishment in many ways. Only by accumulating more and more extensive knowledge can we gradually accumulate our own aesthetic experience and improve our innovative ability. At the same time, in daily life, we should pay more attention to observing the world around us, and be good at observing with eyes, heart and brain, so as to gradually improve our aesthetic ability in the dribs and drabs of life.
Through the appreciation of artistic works, we can broaden students' horizons, cultivate students' sentiment, improve students' aesthetic taste, and gradually make students become socialist builders with certain cultural literacy and healthy aesthetic appreciation ability. At the same time, it is also the need to fully implement quality education. Appreciation class arouses students' life association in teaching, supplements necessary aesthetic experience, and guides students to form healthy aesthetic taste.
2. It is used to improve the ability of art appreciation and evaluation.
The aesthetic value of art is based on practical value and has objectivity. Usually, art appreciation can't be short of personal experience to experience the pleasure and profound feelings brought by works. Therefore, an art appreciation column is set up in the campus publicity window to show students' excellent works and organize students to watch art exhibitions and art-related videos. Through various channels, gradually improve their ability to appreciate and evaluate works of art, from content to form, from ideological to artistic.
Art appreciation is carried out with the participation of the subject. Personal vision and knowledge and experience determine that evaluation is subjective, which makes appreciation activities complicated and difficult to evaluate in a unified way. Before explaining the works, teachers should first introspect and rationally analyze their own judgments and sort out the aesthetic and non-aesthetic elements in their emotions. In teaching, students should be guided to perceive and evaluate works from speculative language. Such as "I experienced …" and "I felt …". Let students feel that the teacher's evaluation is not authoritative and ultimate. Therefore, students will also conduct self-analysis, so that he can understand which reactions represent the basic and permanent components of his personality, whether they are temporary emotions and mutations or one-sided judgments. Compare your own judgment with others' judgment, and let them see which aspects of your evaluation are in line with the opinions of the majority. Repeated teaching evaluation activities in this way will enable students to form conscious verification and judgment, reduce the blindness and impulsiveness of evaluation, and achieve the unity of subjective and objective evaluation.
3. Practice of improving students' painting skills.
Our students live and study in different environments, so their imaginative thinking and painting level are also different. After class, I will contact my students as much as possible, understand their hobbies and painting habits, help them find their own shortcomings, face up to their own shortcomings and make up for them. For example, if I find that a student's modeling ability is weak, I won't ask too much of his works. Because it not only increased his study burden, but also made him hate painting. So in the usual art class, I asked him to complete the basic shape of things in a period of time. In addition, I will find some easy-to-learn pictures for him to appreciate and copy. In this way, he can also feel the joy of success and find his own sky in the field of painting. Wait until the time is ripe to put forward higher requirements for his works. For students with relatively weak modeling ability, I should not only patiently give individual guidance and encourage them as much as possible, but also provide some pictures suitable for them to broaden their thinking.
In the usual art class, I also pay attention to enhancing the flexibility of students' painting. Let the students draw the work as large as possible, or draw some lines with particularly large bending range appropriately. Students can also use what they have learned in the process of art appreciation to further improve their painting skills.
4. Infiltrate to improve students' art appreciation ability.
The new curriculum standard pays attention to the study of basic contents such as artistic language and the development law of the art world; Make full use of and develop art curriculum resources inside and outside the school, increase the diversity of courses, and encourage students to choose their own learning content. This broadens students' horizons and lays a foundation for their self-improvement and appreciation.
Art appreciation is a process of re-understanding and re-creating works of art. Art works themselves convey rich information through external phenomena, color and other picture factors and various sensible factors acting on people. The information level contained in works of art is extremely rich and has a certain depth. Appreciators have individual differences due to personal experience, educational level and living environment. Appreciators' subjective likes and dislikes, artistic views and differences with the original author's creative ideas also affect their understanding and understanding of the works. The diversity of artistic works and the difference of appreciators require that the cultivation of artistic appreciation ability must be a long-term process, emphasizing the cultivation of ability rather than the instillation of knowledge.
In this process, teachers should change students' ideas and cultivate their good character of daring to speak and tell the truth and the spirit of daring to ask questions to the authority. And combined with everyone's own experience and background, make a preliminary evaluation of art works. What teachers should do is to constantly enrich their own experience world and give themselves a yardstick to measure art. In this harmonious and equal relationship between teachers and students, students speak freely, and they feel that they have the ability to appreciate artistic works, which paves the way for in-depth appreciation.
(2) Teachers
Art appreciation class is an important source to improve the quality of the whole people, and an important link to train students to know, appreciate, discover, express and create beauty. Art teachers in primary schools should improve their knowledge in all aspects and pay attention to the use of classroom teaching language; Try to change the inherent teaching methods, adopt new teaching methods, and have a good art appreciation class in primary schools.
Art teachers should improve their knowledge in all aspects.
Art appreciation course involves a wide range of knowledge, covering almost Chinese, politics, history, geography and even science. Moreover, there are many kinds of works that can be appreciated in the appreciation class, such as Chinese painting, oil painting, sculpture, architecture, arts and crafts, gardens and so on. Faced with such rich content, teachers must study extensively. Therefore, as an art teacher, we should pay attention to collecting and consulting materials extensively, and carefully refine and integrate the works of art, the background of the times, the ideological content of the works, the author's life and main deeds into the introduction of the works. On this basis, if we can choose some suitable music to set off the classroom atmosphere, create a beautiful artistic conception, and let students study in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, we will certainly make students have a strong interest in art appreciation class.
2. Teachers should also pay attention to the art of language.
As the saying goes, "There are words without sentences", the artistic charm brought by a good introduction is not only the motivation for students to learn, but also one of the ways to make students interested in art appreciation. "Everything is difficult at the beginning", a wonderful art appreciation class, first of all, is to completely attract students' attention to the works to be appreciated. Here, teachers must be asked to carefully scrutinize a few short opening remarks, which should not only meet the students' tastes and attract their attention, but also be related to the works to be appreciated. Therefore, art teachers should also strengthen the cultivation of their own art and art teaching ability, improve their own art quality, and at the same time carefully prepare teaching plans, pay attention to the cultivation of students' aesthetic taste, and actively create a beautiful learning environment for students. Here, teachers should actively use their own language, teaching attitude, knowledge and various visual means (such as projection, model painting, stories, music and various modern teaching tools). Through a sound, colorful and tangible environmental atmosphere, students are subtly influenced by beauty in their strong interest and thirst for knowledge, thus improving their aesthetic consciousness and appreciation ability. For example, when instructing students to appreciate China's fine arts, we can guide them into the state as follows: In this class, we will have the opportunity to learn about China's rare treasure-The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, a painting by the Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan, and the large Terracotta Warriors and Horses known as the eighth wonder of the world. In addition, we will also enjoy the famous Buddha statue in Yungang Grottoes. In this lesson, we will learn about some famous works of art in the history of China, and understand the rich artistic and cultural heritage of the motherland by appreciating and analyzing these cultural heritages. This kind of inspiration can make students interested and curious about the new lesson and what the teacher wants to talk about, and can enhance students' thirst for knowledge.
3. Changing teaching methods and trying new teaching methods to cultivate students' comprehensive ability is also one of the ways to optimize appreciation class.
The usual appreciation class depends entirely on the teacher's explanation, and the teaching method is boring and the effect is not good. Now, teachers can combine new teaching ideas and adopt a series of new teaching measures to improve the teaching quality of art appreciation class, such as: combining classroom with peacetime, giving students "homework", that is, letting students collect art materials themselves in their spare time; This can be done by asking students to choose a favorite painting and asking them to add their own simple comments or their own understanding of the painting. The content and form can be unlimited. This can not only teach students to learn to appreciate themselves, but also cultivate their appreciation ability and interest in art appreciation. It can also expand students' knowledge and kill two birds with one stone. In addition, when students write art works reviews, it is bound to combine students' aesthetics and evaluation, and through the evaluation of art works, students' thinking can be activated, so that students can think with their brains instead of blindly accepting teachers' giving, thus improving their comprehensive learning ability.