Educational objectives:
Teach students how to save themselves in case of fire and how to prevent electricity.
Educational process:
First, the fire is ruthless, as everyone knows. In the face of the critical moment when the fire is raging, we must adhere to the principles of "three necessities", "three rescues" and "three noes" in order to save the day and save the day.
1. "Three essentials"
(1) "Be familiar with the residential environment", pay more attention to observation at ordinary times, know the stairs, passages, gates and emergency evacuation exits of the residence like the back of your hand, and know whether there are platforms, skylights and temporary shelters.
(2) Keep calm and calm in the face of the raging fire. Only by keeping calm and calm can we take quick and decisive measures to protect ourselves and others. Some people make wrong actions because of confusion, which delays the precious time of escape. For example, I only know how to push the door, and I won't pull the door hard; Mistake the wall for a door and knock hard; Even jump off a building blindly regardless of the willy-nilly. ""Touch the door before you open it. If the door is very hot or smoke has penetrated through the crack of the door, you can't open the door and prepare to take the second route. Even if the door is not hot, you can only open it a little carefully, pass it quickly, and then close it immediately. Because oxygen will come in when the door is wide open, even a smoldering fire will suddenly burn.
(3) "Be alert" to the harm of tobacco poison. In the fire, the biggest "killer" is not the fire itself, but a large number of toxic smoke produced in the burning process. Its main component is carbon monoxide, in addition to hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide. Fire experts' research shows that when the carbon monoxide content in the air is 1%, people will faint after breathing several times, and it will kill people in a minute or two. Experts suggest that you cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and evacuate the fire as soon as possible. If the fire is too big and violent, and the exit passage is blocked by smoke, there is no other route to take. You can use a wet quilt as a cover, cling to the ground, and crawl in corridors and rooms with dense smoke. Never run straight. Because hot and cold air is convective, toxic smoke floats on the upper part of the house space, and some fresh air will come in close to the ground for people to breathe. Standing and running is likely to be unable to breathe and suffocate. If your clothes are on fire, you should take off your clothes or roll on the ground to put out the fire. If someone runs away in panic and his underwear catches fire, he should be pushed to the ground and rolled until the fire goes out.
2. "Three rescues"
(1) Choosing an escape route It is the most ideal choice to "rescue" the fire in places where the smoke is not strong or the fire has not yet burned, such as stairs, evacuation passages and open stairs. If it can reach below the fire layer smoothly, it is basically out of danger.
(2) What should I do if I encounter an aisle or stairs blocked by fire or toxic smoke? We should use the rope in time (or tear the curtains and sheets into thick strips to form a long belt), and tie one end of the rope firmly to a load-bearing object, such as water pipes and heating pipes, and the other end hangs from the window to the ground or the balcony on the lower floor. Then he slipped down the rope and fled the fire.
(3) Ask the outside world for "rescue". If you are blocked in a building by fire and all escape routes have been cut off, you have to retreat indoors temporarily and close the doors and windows leading to the fire area. Staying in the room is not passive to die. You can water the doors and windows to slow down the spread of fire; At the same time, shout, wave, flashlight and throw things through the window. , send a distress signal, waiting for the rescue of firefighters. In short, don't do anything that is not conducive to escape because of impulse.
3. "Three noes"
(1) When a fire is discovered by "not" taking the ordinary elevator, people will pull down the switch and cut off the power supply in order to prevent the fire from spreading along the electrical lines. Sometimes, the fire will burn the power line. If you take the ordinary elevator to escape, you will be in trouble if there is a power failure. If you can't get up or down, you are trapped in a "cage"
(2) Otherwise, the risk of jumping off a building to survive is extremely high. If you don't do it, you will often die or get injured, and you can't take it lightly. Even when you make this decision in despair, you should pay attention to the method. First of all, throw the quilt or mattress downstairs, so that when you land, you won't directly hit the hard cement or slate road, reducing the possibility of injury; Then grab the windowsill with both hands, droop, and jump with both feet to narrow the gap with the ground.
(3) The fire of "no" to property comes quickly, and it can enter the stage of violence after 10 minutes. Therefore, fire experts remind that once a fire breaks out, you must evacuate and escape quickly, and don't waste time dressing up or looking for valuables, because there is nothing more precious than life. After escaping from the fire, don't even return to the crater for the sake of property. In the end, people and money can only be empty.
Second, how to use electricity safely:
(1), don't play with the plug of electrical appliances, please help plug it in and out if necessary.
(2) Don't touch the power switch with wet hands.
(3) Before learning to operate, you can't just press the knob and various buttons on the electrical appliance. Some household appliances can only be operated by adults and cannot be touched casually.
(4) Pay attention to saving electricity, turn off the lights conveniently, turn off the lights when no one is around, and turn off the TV in time after watching.
(1). Precautionary measures to prevent drowning
1. If you don't swim in unsafe waters, don't swim in rivers or ponds on your way to and from school. Once students are found swimming in the water, they should be discouraged in time and report to the teacher or adults around them.
2. Choose a regular swimming pool and bathing place for swimming. Don't swim in the water without parents or teachers, and don't swim with classmates without permission.
3. Don't play, walk or frolic on the frozen water, in case you accidentally fall into the water.
(2). What should I pay attention to when swimming?
1. Warm-up exercises should be fully carried out to move the joints and muscles of the whole body, and then water should be sprayed on the body to adapt to the water temperature. Don't go into the water when you are uncomfortable.
2. Abide by the regulations of swimming places, wear swimsuits and swimming caps, and beginners should prepare arm floats and swimming rings.
Don't play in the water to avoid danger. Don't go to the deep water area because of poor water quality, and always pay attention to the safety of your companions.
(3) What should I do if I have a cramp while swimming?
1. When you feel cramp, you should call for help quickly instead of trying to go ashore immediately.
If you can't get ashore, stay calm. If your leg cramps, straighten the cramped leg as straight as possible and press your thumb up with your hand.
3. After landing, you can apply hot compress to the cramp area and gently massage.
(4) What should I do if I fall into the water?
1. Stay calm and call for help.
2. Hold your breath, relax, tilt your head back, and don't struggle to avoid sinking faster.
3. If someone rescues, relax, cooperate with the rescuer, and don't cling to the rescuer.
(5). What if someone drowns?
1. If you find someone drowning, you should immediately call for help and seek the help of an adult.
2. Take local materials, find planks, swimming rings and other floating objects to throw at the drowning person, or pull the drowning person ashore with ropes and bamboo poles while ensuring their own safety.
3. After rescuing the drowning person ashore, let the drowning person lie on his stomach, put his abdomen on his knees, and press his abdomen and back.
Case:
1.20xx On May 30th, a student of Wangjiazhai Middle School went up the mountain to herd cattle and was electrocuted by the high-voltage electricity on the transformer.
2.20xx June 1 day, students from Xingren No.9 Primary School went to take a bath in the river and were submerged in the water.
In the spring of 3.20xx, a common man of Arada Formation in Xiaxi Village went up the mountain to herd cattle. At noon, he baked the bait piece with fire and accidentally lit a fire in the Woods. He rushed to put out the fire. Because he was an old man, he was not saved, but suffocated in the fire by smoke and burned all over.
Conclusion: From these cases, I hope students know how to cherish their lives. Know some basic knowledge of self-protection. Life is only once, I hope students cherish it!