Zhu was a famous educator in Southern Song Dynasty, who loved education all his life. He has been an official for less than fourteen years, but he has been teaching for fifty years and has never been tired. In his later years, "although the illness is fragmented for all students, he will take a break from addiction for a while;" If you don't give lectures for a day, you will feel worried. "It is rare in the history of ancient education in China, and it can be called Confucius in the Song Dynasty. His educational thought had a great influence after the Song Dynasty, especially his exposition on the purpose and method of education, which has reference significance for today's school education. Zhu believes that teaching students should be guided and persuaded from the front, and less negative work should be done. Scholars' persuasion with "righteousness" and "wealth and goodness" is far more effective than formulating rules and regulations. Only when students have "reason and righteousness" in their hearts can they "aspire", which is the purpose of learning. The purpose is uncertain, and all studies have no focus. At the same time, he gave a detailed explanation of what students should do at school, and made strict regulations on clothing, language, cleaning, reading and writing. His main purpose is to guide students to act according to these rules in daily life, and to cultivate "Fiona Fang" with "rules" to show their profound understanding of "reason and righteousness". Although Zhu's "view of justice and benefit" is essentially different from the current school moral education, his practice of paying equal attention to students' active education and prevention is worth learning. Nowadays, among college and middle school students, many students lack ideals, and everything is individual-centered. Taking the West as an example, it is a nonstandard deviation. What is particularly shocking is the hidden crisis of faith, belief and trust; The weakness of patriotism, the intensification of the national nihilism "year of the snake storm" and the influence after the storm all illustrate this problem. Therefore, the most important thing in school moral education is to educate young students in patriotism, so that they can truly love our motherland and our party and devote themselves to the lofty cause. This generation of young people began to sing songs that love socialism from kindergarten, and political education was also carried out in primary and secondary schools, with an examination score of 890. But what is the actual situation? This requires us to think deeply. It is not enough to just instill concepts and terminology. Efforts should be made to formulate scientific and effective rules and regulations, with both guidance and prevention, in order to achieve good results. ? Zhu asked the school to put moral education first. It is believed that to educate students from an early age, we must advance and retreat from sweeping, shoot books with rites and music, cultivate their filial piety and loyalty, and then teach them the ways of integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. Its main purpose is to make students "moral"? In order to achieve this goal, in terms of educational methods, he used "learning, asking, complaining, distinguishing and practicing" as the learning order. And put forward that "everything from self-cultivation has its own needs"; Take "words, faith, deeds and respect" as the key to self-cultivation; The key to doing things is "just to be friendly, not to seek its benefits, to know its way and not to listen to its words"; Take "don't do to others, don't do to others, don't do to others, but ask for yourself" as the key to receiving things. It can be seen that the most important educational purpose and method advocated by Zhu is that schools must put moral education first. Teach students to "understand human relations" so that etiquette and righteousness can please their hearts. He inherited the educational methods of Confucius and Mencius, and at the same time integrated the opinions of famous Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty. In his educational practice, he has accumulated a lot of experience. Zhu's moral education methods can be summarized as follows: First, determination. Zhu believes that ambition is an inner desire and is very important for people's growth. Therefore, he asked scholars to set up lofty aspirations first. When people have lofty aspirations, they will have the goal of progress, and they will be able to "follow blindly, why not?" Without yearning and unclear goals, there is no motivation to move forward. First, respect. The so-called respect means cultivating a serious or unscrupulous moral attitude. It is a serious and courteous attitude. Restrain the dissolute heart, be the master of the whole body, and cultivate self-control ability. Is to cultivate a cautious moral attitude. Is to cultivate a single-minded or consistent attitude.

The first is to save. The so-called "preservation" is the abbreviation of "intentional cultivation". Zhu believes that everyone has innate goodness, but at the same time they have temperament bias and material desire. Therefore, we should use the effort of "saving" to promote goodness and invent our initial heart. However, people's "heart" is mixed with material desires and righteousness, so Zhu believes that "nurturing and nurturing" only needs to restrain this kind of heart and make it content with righteousness. One day, check. "Province" is introspection, and "inspection" is procuratorial. "Introspection" means to conduct self-reflection and inspection frequently. Zhu believes that if a person wants to improve his moral cultivation, he should "look at it from time to time". This view of Zhu shows that in moral education, he not only emphasizes preventing delay, but also attaches importance to correcting future mistakes. Finish it in one day. Zhu attaches great importance to "practice". What he said is "practice", which requires putting the ethical knowledge he has learned into his own practical actions and transforming it into moral behavior. These views of Zhu involve moral education issues such as the transformation of moral knowledge into moral action, moral action being guided by moral knowledge, and whether moral knowledge is correct or not. Zhu has always advocated that the content of education should be holistic, systematic and gradual. He believes that primary school is the foundation, and it is more difficult to make up if the foundation is not solid. Therefore, primary schools should teach them the habit of sweeping, coping, advancing and retreating, shooting books with ceremony and music, and gradually cultivate their virtue from practical practice. Instead, when he grows up and enters the university, he will be taught how to do the work of "learning knowledge" and "poor management", emphasizing the road of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" and ending in perfection. So he paid special attention to the content of primary education. He attaches great importance to the implementation of the principles from the simple to the deep, from the simple to the complex and from the bottom up in students' ideological education. Ideological and moral education in primary schools and universities should be integrated. Primary school is the foundation of university, and university is the expansion and exploration of primary school. Although the degree is different, the content is the same. It is both gradual and continuous, so that the effect of education will be significantly improved. Pursuing supreme nature is the cultivation goal of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. To achieve this goal, on the one hand, we should reflect on ourselves, cultivate our mind and maintain a good mental state; On the other hand, we should also seek outside, study hard and recognize objective things. Zhu's own knowledge lies in "the practice of pulling the bow against the facts." "So when he teaches students, he also starts with' poverty' and' perseverance'." "Poor management" means poor supervision, serving the father and the younger brother, so the poor management advocated by him is divided into two aspects: one is poor management from books; The second is to understand all abstract things inside and outside the book. However, in his view, poverty is only the completion of "erudition", "deliberation", "interrogation" and "discrimination", which is not enough to understand the natural causes of things. Further practice is needed to complete the work of "perseverance" and achieve the purpose of education. The so-called "knowledge without action, poor management before, no settlement, only the cost of giving lectures." Therefore, he believes that "poverty" and "perseverance" must be combined and inseparable. He attaches great importance to the combination of knowledge and practice, which has positive significance and is worth learning from today's school moral education. Practice is a traditional virtue of China. China people are led by virtue, supplemented by talent. They would rather have virtue without talent than talent without virtue. " Talent without virtue, the bigger, the more powerful. "This is a matter of knowing and doing. Today we teach to educate people and study to be human. Generally speaking, Zhu's teaching thoughts are very rich, and some basic problems of teaching principles are touched upon in the teaching process, such as the automaticity of learning, learning and thinking, learning and learning, learning and behavior, teaching and learning, learning and agreement, etc. It also involves purpose, enthusiasm, good start, consolidation, ability, practicality, universality, professionalism and so on. He summarized, sorted out, summarized and reformed the teaching experience and theory accumulated for a long time in ancient China, making it systematic. Many of them are thought-provoking insights and are worth learning.