2. 1 Functions of the central education administrative department
The central education administrative department, usually called the Ministry of Education, is the department in charge of education at the national level.
Because the social and political systems, national systems and cultural traditions of countries all over the world are different, the responsibilities and authorities of the central education administrative departments in various countries are also very different. In countries where education administration is centralized, such as France, the Ministry of Education has extensive authority and has the right to lead, inspect or supervise public and private educational institutions throughout the country, decide the principles and principles of school education, and uniformly stipulate the syllabus, teaching methods and even the contents and time of examinations. In countries with decentralized educational administration, such as the United States, the scope of business activities of the Ministry of Education is greatly limited. In the Organic Law of the Ministry of Education passed by Congress, it is still emphasized that "the authority and responsibility of education are reserved for national and local school districts and other organs stipulated by the state". The central education administrative department in Britain is called the Ministry of Education and Science, and its relationship with the local-county education administrative departments is neither strictly centralized nor absolutely decentralized, belonging to the type of joint cooperation between the central and local governments.
Judging from the general situation of the central education administrative departments in various countries, it is increasingly obvious that it is necessary to strengthen the unified leadership of the central government, and give full play to the enthusiasm of local governments, learn from each other's strengths, and organize and lead educational undertakings.
2.2 Functions of the Ministry of Education of China
The administrative department in charge of national education in People's Republic of China (PRC) is called the Ministry of Education, which was established in June 2006 1 949165438+10/0. Its main responsibilities are:
(a) to implement the principles and policies of the state and the country, to study educational theories, sum up practical experience, formulate specific policies, administrative regulations, educational systems and other important systems, formulate long-term educational plans and annual plans, and supervise, inspect and organize their implementation.
(2) formulate specific policies and other important rules and regulations for general education (including preschool education, primary education, secondary education, secondary normal education, special education, etc.). ); Formulate basic documents such as teaching plans and syllabuses, and organize the editing of teaching materials and teaching reference books; Formulate the principles, methods and teacher training plans for the management of teachers in ordinary schools, guide, supervise and inspect the work of general education, and organize the exchange of experience.
(3) formulate specific policies, development plans and important rules and regulations for vocational and technical education in conjunction with relevant departments, and guide, supervise and inspect the work of vocational and technical education.
(four) in conjunction with the relevant departments to formulate specific policies, development plans and important rules and regulations of higher education, and stipulate the training objectives, quality requirements and professional objectives of various colleges and universities; Formulating the principles of teaching plans and syllabuses, organizing the formulation of reference teaching plans and syllabuses, and uniformly planning and organizing the compilation, review and publication of teaching materials in institutions of higher learning; To formulate policies, principles, methods, training plans and implementation plans for the management of cadres and teachers in institutions of higher learning; To guide the ideological and political work, teaching work and scientific research work in institutions of higher learning; Unified guidance and organization of the enrollment work of ordinary colleges and universities nationwide; Unified management of national postgraduate training, leading the work of awarding degrees in institutions of higher learning.
⑤ Cooperate with relevant departments to guide the national education of workers and peasants, the work of radio and television universities and various forms of institutions of higher learning, and the work of self-study examinations for higher education; Formulate specific policies and management measures for state organs, organizations and private schools.
⑥ Formulate specific guidelines, policies and important rules and regulations for minority education, organize the compilation and publication of teaching materials in minority languages, and guide, supervise and inspect minority education.
⑦ To be responsible for educational cooperation and exchanges with the governments of countries with diplomatic relations, and to manage international academic exchanges and personnel exchanges of educational departments, plans and organizations related to foreign aid. The Ministry of Education consists of departments in charge of higher education, secondary education, primary education, normal education, planning, science and technology, foreign affairs, infrastructure and other institutions, as well as the National Institute of Educational Science, textbook publishing house, audio-visual education museum and so on. In addition to the Ministry of Education, other central ministries and other business departments also have corresponding educational administrative institutions, which are in charge of education at all levels or in their own systems.
Two. Local education administrative department
3. 1 Functions of local education administrative departments
The local education administrative department refers to the organization, leadership and management of education by local governments at all levels in a country.
Local education administrative departments in different countries exercise different powers and undertake different tasks and functions. Generally speaking, in countries with centralized educational administration, local educational administrative agencies at all levels are actually dispatched agencies of the Central Ministry of Education. In countries with decentralized educational administration, the educational administrative institutions at the national or provincial level have independent educational administrative power in all aspects of local education. In countries that implement the cooperation between the central and local governments in education administration, such as Britain, there are parliaments, education committees and education bureaus in educational administrative units in various regions. Parliament has both decision-making power and executive power, but the actual executive power is entrusted to the education Committee and the education bureau. The educational administrative organization in France is a typical centralized system. In order to prevent the abuse of over-centralization and give full play to the role of education experts, governments at all levels from the central to the local level have widely established educational consulting institutions. In addition to the "National Education Supreme Council" set up by the central government, the university district has also set up councils and provincial primary education councils to guide education experts to put forward opinions or suggestions on major education issues for the government to adopt.
3.2 Functions of local education administrative departments in China
The local education administrative departments in People's Republic of China (PRC) are divided into three levels: province, city and county. They are under the unified leadership of the people's government at the same level and under the leadership or professional guidance of the higher education administrative department. According to the provisions of the Organic Law of Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments in People's Republic of China (PRC), the establishment of local education administrative departments at all levels is approved by the people's governments at the same level.
The basic tasks and functions of local education administrative departments in China are: to implement the central education principles, policies, decrees and educational work instructions of higher education administrative departments; Responsible for local education development planning, capital construction, education funds, management of cadres and teachers; To lead the education and teaching work of all kinds of schools at all levels in the whole region, and provide professional guidance for running schools in factories and mines.