Education is a social phenomenon widely existing in human life and a purposeful activity to cultivate social people. In order to carry out educational activities effectively, we must study it and make it a specific research object of pedagogy after long-term accumulation. In particular, the development of modern society and modern educational practice puts forward newer and higher requirements for pedagogy research. There are many educational problems that people study deeply, such as the essence of education, the relationship between education and society and people, the purpose, content, mode, method, form and their relationship of education implementation, the educational process, the educational subject, the educational system and management, and various educational theories and practices that embody China's characteristics. Pedagogy reveals the general law of education through the study of various educational phenomena and problems.
The law of education is the internal and essential connection and relationship among education, society, people and various factors within education, which is objective, inevitable, stable and repetitive. Such as the relationship between education and society's politics, production, economy, culture and population, the relationship between educational activities and human development, the relationship between school education, social education and family education within education, the relationship between primary education, secondary education and university education, the relationship between educational objectives in secondary education and teaching and extracurricular education, and the relationship between intellectual education and moral, intellectual, physical and artistic work in educational and teaching activities. There is a regular relationship between the teaching of educators and the teaching of educatees in intellectual education, and between students' learning motivation, learning attitude, learning methods and academic performance in learning activities. The task of pedagogy is to explore and reveal various educational laws, clarify various educational problems and establish a theoretical system of pedagogy.
I hope I can help you adopt it. Thank you.
Question 2: What are the educational laws that education and teaching should follow? Anyone with a little knowledge knows that education should have educational laws. What is the law of education? Where is the law of education?
In fact, as long as you calm down and think about how education happened, the answer should be the same. In the real society, when a person has useful and interesting knowledge, skills, methods, thoughts and conduct, and uses it to influence the wishes of others, there will be educational service providers. When a person wants to learn useful and interesting knowledge, skills, methods, thoughts and behaviors, the recipients of educational services will have it. Education can occur: education providers develop their useful and interesting knowledge, skills, methods, ideas and conduct into various educational service products for those who want to learn to choose independently. This is the normal state of teaching. For example, Socrates Square, a great philosopher, gave lectures, Confucius set up private schools to accept disciples, and Peng Pai and * * * held peasant workshops to recruit students. Therefore, the most important thing in education is to strive to make: those who can teach want to teach, teach happily, and let educators constantly want to teach; People who need to learn want to learn, learn happily and learn effectively, so that learners can continue to want to learn. Therefore, the ideal state of education should be: teacher: teaching, I want to teach myself, like teaching; Teaching, you can teach well. Teaching, students like to learn, teach, what students need to learn, and what they must learn for the happiness of their lives. Teaching is something that most people in society must learn and teach in order to be happy all their lives. Students choose and study independently. If they want to learn, they must learn what they need to learn in order to be happy all their lives. Learn what you want to learn and what you can learn. Education should be the patent of those who already have useful and interesting knowledge, skills, methods, thoughts and conduct and like to be educators!
Therefore, the first rule of education should be to let qualified people do it. Accurately speaking, it is to let those who are moral, knowledgeable, thoughtful, capable and methodical do education, teach what they want to teach, and have the confidence to teach well. It can be simply summarized as four words: those who are able are teachers; People who can't even do it themselves are allowed to be teachers. Can that not mislead other people's children? The second law of education should be to let people who want to learn well learn what they want to learn; Specifically, it is to let students choose various educational service products that teachers and schools can provide independently. It can also be simply summarized as four words: independent choice; The third law of education should be to let parents or teachers who have the right to choose help students who can't choose independently to choose various educational service products that are more suitable for their teachers and schools. It can also be simply summarized as four words: help on the road; The fourth law of education should also be four words: let nature take its course. Naturally, I became like this. From a philosophical point of view, internal factors are always the basis for determining the change of things. This is the biggest law that life, society and nature must follow. Education is no exception. A student grows up by himself. Students must grow up by themselves. What kind of person he wants to be and what kind of person he can be must be decided by himself. No matter how great the role of education is, it can only be an external cause. Therefore, letting nature take its course is also the biggest rule that education must follow, whether it is family education, school education or social education. For those students who "don't know how to learn when they are good, but they can't try to correct their mistakes", as long as they can be urged not to hurt others or themselves as much as possible, they can only be given the necessary basic training and then let nature take its course.
Question 3: What are the basic laws of the teaching process? What is the law of combining direct experience with indirect experience?
The law of the unity of imparting knowledge and developing intelligence
The law of the unity of imparting knowledge and ideological education
The law of the unity of teachers' leading role and students' main role
Question 4: What are the basic laws of education in pedagogy? What is the basic meaning of pedagogy? In normal work, it can help teachers better understand students' psychological characteristics and study habits, carry out education work more effectively, and train students into qualified talents; At the same time, it also solves some setbacks encountered by students in the learning process, and the correct ones can also help students get out of the misunderstanding.
Question 5: What is the principle of the law of education and teaching? It was originally called the basic theory of education. We study the basic theoretical problems in education and explore the general principles and laws of education. Provide comprehensive research results for the development of educational theory and the reform of teaching and storage. The principle of pedagogy is a basic discipline in pedagogy, which provides theoretical viewpoints and methods for the other two disciplines and provides theoretical basis for the study of various levels of education. The principle of pedagogy also draws nutrition from the other two disciplines.
Question 6: What are the basic rules in the teaching process?
Teaching law is an essential connection that exists objectively in the teaching process and is independent of subjective will. It has objectivity, universality, stability and inevitability. Teaching law is the scientific basis for formulating teaching principles, selecting and using teaching organization forms and teaching methods. It mainly includes four laws.
1, simple law. Teaching must be based on indirect knowledge, so that indirect knowledge and direct knowledge can be organically combined, so that students can simply acquire more complete knowledge, avoid repeating the mistakes and twists and turns of predecessors, master knowledge most effectively, continue human activities of understanding and transforming the world at a new starting point, and climb new scientific peaks.
2. the method of educating people. In the teaching process, it has an objective education and influence on students' thoughts. The process of education is actually the process of students receiving education. That is to say, while teachers impart knowledge and students master knowledge, they always have a certain influence on students' thoughts and feelings, standpoints, will and personality, moral quality and so on. To enable students to receive certain moral and ideological education.
At the same time, in the process of teaching, teachers' ideological quality and manners have an infection, edification and subtle influence on students' education, and this influence is immeasurable. Therefore, teachers should be rigorous in their studies and be teachers.
3. The law of development. In the teaching process, teachers and students work together to develop students' intelligence, physical strength, ability to judge the beauty of diseases, labor ability, emotion, will, personality and psychological quality.
Students' mastery of knowledge, intellectual development and ability cultivation are dialectical unity, and they only attach importance to it.
It is one-sided to impart knowledge or only focus on the cultivation of ability. Don't just focus on the cultivation of ability and downplay the transfer of knowledge, as some people say. ) Intelligence is formed, developed and manifested in the process of mastering knowledge. Intelligence is also an indispensable condition for mastering knowledge. Without necessary knowledge, intelligence and ability will become passive water and trees without roots. However, more knowledge does not mean strong ability.
4. The second rule. In the unified activities of teaching and learning, teachers play a leading role in the teaching process, guiding students to understand and develop, and students are the main body of learning. The leading role of teachers and the subjective position of students are dialectical unity. Leadership is the guidance of the subject, and the subject is the subject under the leadership.
On the one hand, in teaching, teachers guide students' learning direction, arouse students' learning enthusiasm, choose appropriate teaching methods and make good arrangements for teaching activities. From this perspective, teachers are the leaders of education and students are the objects of learning. On the other hand, students are living people with subjective initiative, and the leading process of teachers is not directly realized, so the "purpose of teaching" must be turned into "need of learning". Change "I want to learn" to "I want to learn". Therefore, students' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity are the necessary conditions for the success of education and teaching. From this perspective, students are the main body of learning, and teachers' duty is to mobilize students' enthusiasm and make external factors play a role through internal factors. It can be seen that emphasizing students' dominant position does not exclude teachers' dominant position. Only by recognizing the dialectical relationship between them can we effectively improve the teaching quality. Teachers should be: (1) Dare to lead. Teachers should dare to give full play to their own advantages and specialties, prepare lessons carefully, give lessons creatively, put forward clear teaching objectives and tasks, organize classroom discipline, and mobilize students' interest and motivation in learning. (2) Good at leadership. In the process of teaching, teachers should realize that the main body of learning is students, and the initiative and enthusiasm of students are mainly brought into play. On the one hand, teachers should promote democracy, make friends with students and learn from each other. On the other hand, teachers should try their best to improve students' interest in learning, let them study in a lively atmosphere, stimulate their curiosity and thirst for knowledge, inspire them to think independently and imagine widely, and truly learn actively.
Basic laws of teaching process
Teaching law is an essential connection that exists objectively in the teaching process and is independent of subjective will. It has objectivity, universality, stability and inevitability. Teaching law is the scientific basis for formulating teaching principles, selecting and using teaching organization forms and teaching methods. It mainly includes four laws.
1, simple law. Teaching must be based on indirect knowledge, so that indirect knowledge and direct knowledge can be organically combined, so that students can simply acquire more complete knowledge, avoid repeating the mistakes and twists and turns of predecessors, master knowledge most effectively, continue human activities of understanding and transforming the world at a new starting point, and climb new heights ... > >
Question 7: What is the educational law of teaching? Is "teaching is education" a real judgment or a should-be judgment? Some educational works and textbooks in China are vague about this issue. Some textbooks put forward that "teaching is education" is a realistic judgment. For example, the textbook "Elementary Education Course" compiled by the National Normal School points out: "The individual changes caused by the projection of educational activities on the body and mind of the educated are holographic ... The so-called simple knowledge transfer and the so-called' teaching without teaching people' actually do not exist." (Note: Hu Yinsheng, editor-in-chief: A Course of Elementary Education, People's Education Press, 1995, p. 10. From this, we can draw the following conclusions: the educational nature of teaching is inevitable, and teaching is always educational regardless of the intentions of educators. This is a descriptive proposition that explains what the facts are. Some textbooks think that "teaching is education" is a natural judgment. For example, the textbook "Pedagogy" compiled by the National Normal University puts forward: "It is also conditional for students to master cultural and scientific knowledge and turn it into ideas and opinions to form the power to regulate behavior. It depends on whether the teaching content permeates the Marxist point of view, what kind of ideas teachers use to guide teaching, whether they can educate students in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of teaching materials and students' ideological characteristics, and whether they can convince and resonate with students emotionally, so that students can have the desire to improve socialist consciousness and produce moral behavior in action, cultivate their moral practice ability and form a good will and character. " (Note: Sui et al. ed.: Pedagogy, People's Education Press, 1988, p. 192. From this discussion, we can see that the educational nature of teaching is a possibility, and "teaching is education" is a normative proposition, which guides teachers to "how to do it". There are also works on teaching theory. On the one hand, it is pointed out that "pure teaching" that "only teaches but does not educate people" does not exist at all (note: Teaching Theory Course, edited by Guan Xia, Shaanxi Normal University Press, 1987 edition, the first 142, 144 ~), and "teaching is education". On the other hand, it emphasizes "opposing' teaching condescending to teach people' and preventing' mislabeling' ideological education" (Note: Teaching Theory Course, edited by Guan Xia, Shaanxi Normal University Press, 1987 edition, 142 page, 144 ~ 65438).
Is the meaning of "teaching is education" a practical judgment of "describing facts" or a proper judgment of "standardizing teachers"? Is it inevitable not to be transferred by the will of educators, or is it possible to achieve it through the efforts of educators' will? Does it mean that all teaching behaviors are educational, or does it mean that some teaching behaviors are educational under certain conditions? The author intends to make some analysis of the above two different judgments.
Question 8: What laws and characteristics should education and teaching work conform to? Education and teaching work should meet the actual needs of the work, be classified according to the job structure, and be carried out separately according to the work management level.