12 years ago, in order to solve the decline of school-age population in rural areas? Decentralized layout and small scale? In order to solve this problem, China began to adjust the layout of rural schools, and set off a nationwide movement to withdraw and merge schools. However, in the process of high-speed urbanization, this policy faces both practical needs and the embarrassment of deviation, which has been controversial in recent years. ? Rushing against the original intention of reform? 200 1 cancel primary and secondary schools with few rural students and poor school conditions and merge them into township central schools. During the period of 12, the number of rural primary schools in China decreased by more than 300,000. ? What was the background of the reform then? Every village has a school? Decentralized distribution, low quality and lack of funds. ? Chen Zhenhua, deputy director of the Basic Education Department of Hainan Provincial Education Department, said that there used to be schools in villages, middle schools in towns and some high schools in towns. This is not only a government action, but also has a lot to do with the large number of students and the high enthusiasm of villagers for running schools. ? Duan Huidong, Ph.D., School of Education Science, Hainan Normal University, analyzed that, on the one hand, the merger of schools was due to the merger of many local towns and villages, and the adjustment of administrative divisions led to the merger of some schools, which was more conducive to administrative management. On the other hand, there was a general problem of poor teaching quality in rural primary and secondary schools that were too scattered at that time, so we considered focusing on excellent teachers to run schools, correspondingly reducing teaching costs and improving the overall quality. ? ? Withdraw and merge? 200 1 The demand for basic education is supported by the Decision of the State Council on the Reform and Development of Basic Education. The "Decision" points out that rural primary schools and teaching points should be merged appropriately on the premise of facilitating students to enter schools nearby. But since 12, the merger in many parts of the country has been largely ignored? The premise of facilitating students to enter the school nearby? . Chen Zhenhua said frankly that there are indeed many places where the withdrawal and merger behavior seems sloppy? Is it suitable? , resulting in a series of problems. ? In 2008, the Institute of Rural Education of Northeast Normal University conducted an investigation on the layout adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools in Gansu and other eight provinces. The survey results show that due to improper layout adjustment, the dropout rate in some areas rebounded. ? In addition, the combination of schools and schools has also brought about the rupture of family ties and the loss of local identity. The sound of books has disappeared in many rural areas, and some rural areas seem to lack vitality. As rural intellectuals, rural teachers play an irreplaceable role in popularizing knowledge and spreading culture. With the merger of schools, they are getting farther and farther away from the local society. ? Administrative thinking kidnapping education law? In some places, the rash behavior of withdrawing points and merging schools has been strongly reflected by the masses for many years. Why didn't it stop in time? ? In this regard, Han Xiaoyu, deputy director of the Office of the Education Department of Hainan Province, told reporters in half a month that the reason was that the implementer of the merger of rural primary and secondary schools before 20 12 was the city and county governments. Since 2002, after the reform of taxes and fees and the adjustment of the financial system of compulsory education, China has established? Local governments are responsible for hierarchical management, with counties as the mainstay? Financial system of compulsory education. Because some county-level governments lack their own financial resources, the financial system of compulsory education has not effectively tilted the expenditure of rural compulsory education, and the merger of schools has become a local government? Reduce the burden? A good means. ? ? In many places, reckless behavior considers administrative costs, which is economic logic, not educational logic. ? Duan Huidong hit the nail on the head and pointed out that the local government kidnapped the education law with administrative thinking. ? The scattered distribution of rural schools is caused by the natural formation of society and natural geographical environment. This is something that is difficult for the management department to manage and should not be borne by children. Can't say don't let the child move. ? ? There are too many students in some places. Centralized teaching may be more efficient, but it is not suitable for young children. Duan Huidong believes that the mental health of students in grades one to three is more important and they need to receive school education with their parents. According to the survey, the merging of small villages in some areas has not only failed to improve the teaching quality, but has led to new mental health problems for students. ? Some scholars have pointed out that school merger has indeed improved the unit area of school buildings and the utilization rate of school funds to a certain extent, and reduced the running cost of local governments. However, the blind and excessive merger has actually shifted the economic costs borne by some governments to the economic costs of farmers, the time costs of students and the security risks. ? Although there are subsidies from the state, it is an indisputable fact that students have to pay more and more for accommodation, transportation and food. ? Luo Shiming, secretary of the Party Committee of Datian Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province, said. ? Should rectification be considered as a whole? On September 20 12, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Regulating the Layout Adjustment of Rural Compulsory Education Schools, pointing out that in the process of school merger in some places, the planning scheme was not perfect, the operating procedures were not standardized, and the safeguard measures were not in place, which affected the healthy development of rural education. The Opinions require that the outstanding problems caused by the merger of rural schools be solved through the special planning of county-level governments and the special supervision of provincial governments. This view is called. A rational policy rectification? . ? ? The document makes it clear that what is needed for the layout adjustment of rural compulsory education schools? Norm? , is not prohibited. ? Chen Zhenhua said, in fact, there is still a real demand for the merger. The key issue is that the merger must be scientific and reasonable, and the laws of education should be respected. ? It is an obvious fact that the birth rate in rural areas has declined in recent years. At the same time, a large number of farmers go to cities to work, and their children are also born in cities. The number of school-age children in rural areas is decreasing year by year. Empty village? There are more and more phenomena. Statistics from the Education Department of Hainan Province show that since 2005, the number of primary school students in the province has decreased from 6,543,800+0,560 at the peak to 752,000 in 2065,438+02, a decrease of 300,000 in seven years. In some teaching points with less than 100 students, problems such as dilapidated campus and aging teacher structure are prominent. ? ? Some small villages may have no students for a year or two, and they will naturally die if they don't merge. ? Chen Zhenhua said,? Sparrow school? The quality of teaching is difficult to guarantee, and the gap with the urban area is getting bigger and bigger, so it is urgent to optimize the layout. ? Because of the shortage of students, small villages can't go on, which is a social problem. The merger of small villages makes it difficult for children from different villages to go to school, which is also a social problem. How to solve these two interrelated contradictions and test the ruling ability of local governments. ? Duan Huidong believes that the layout of rural schools should be optimized scientifically and reasonably, rather than across the board? Elementary school into town, junior high school into town? . ? According to the changing trend of population, the layout of rural education in the future should adopt the parallel construction of schools and school buses. ? Duan Huidong said that the teaching points that can be reserved should be kept as much as possible to ensure that students before the fourth grade can enter school at home. Students in grade five or six can pick them up by school bus or go to boarding school. The problems brought about by the merger need to be solved as soon as possible, such as establishing a school bus access system, increasing investment and ensuring enough life teachers. ? ? It is gratifying that since last year, the state has standardized the merger and withdrawal of rural schools, introduced supervision, restricted the power of grass-roots governments, and demanded publicity and public hearings. ? Chen Zhenhua said that this will be the institutional guarantee for scientifically optimizing the layout of rural schools in the future. ? Some experts also pointed out that to achieve real educational equity, we should not only provide rural students with equal opportunities to enjoy high-quality educational resources, but more importantly, we should realize the balanced development and sharing of urban and rural educational resources, focusing on the development of rural basic education. Old wounds have not healed, and new ones have been added? .