Problems existing in preschool education and improvement methods 1. Misunderstandings in early childhood education
1. Ignore the characteristics of children's psychological development and impose the wishes of adults on children.
Some early childhood education institutions pay too much attention to the cultivation of studies and various specialties, and unilaterally cultivate children's cognitive ability too early.
2. Only pay attention to the cultivation of intellectual factors and ignore the development of non-intellectual factors.
Lack of using various favorable conditions to cultivate children's good qualities of being strong, confident and not afraid of difficulties, as well as strong independent survival ability.
3. There are some misunderstandings in intellectual development.
Many people think that developing intelligence is to let children master one or two musical instruments, add, subtract, multiply and divide, and recite several ancient poems. In fact, the real intellectual development is to let children participate in more activities, get in touch with nature, broaden their horizons, exert their imagination and inspire independent thinking.
Second, in early childhood education? Institutional education?
On July 2nd, 2006,5438+0, the Ministry of Education mentioned in the general principles of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) that kindergarten education should respect children's personality and rights, respect children's physical and mental development laws and learning characteristics, take games as the basic activity, pay equal attention to education, pay attention to individual differences, and promote individual development of each child. ? It can be seen that the key to early childhood education is to take games as the main form, respect children's nature, tap children's potential and develop their intelligence. Games are of great value to the development of children's social consciousness, emotion and body, which can not only promote the development of children's cognitive ability, but also involve joint efforts and cooperation with peers. Because games replace the environment of learning abstract skills, it is easier for children to experience adult social activities, social life and moral values in games, understand the relationship between people and promote the establishment of self-image.
The so-called nature education is to develop children? Intrinsic essence? Or? Natural? Education centers on respecting the laws of children's physical and mental development and is implemented according to children's age characteristics. For children, the first thing is to make education suitable for children's psychological development characteristics. Children's thinking form is based on thinking in images, and it is their nature to be active, curious and imitate. In view of these characteristics of children, educators should pay more attention to the influence of the surrounding environment, create a positive living and learning environment for children, and create conditions for children to be more exposed to all kinds of life.
In addition, kindergarten teachers should? Starting from the humanism of knowledge and the humanism of learning, guide every child to develop his personality, stretch himself and realize human self-realization? . Modern psychology believes that people's psychological activities are a unified whole, and the development of intelligence and non-intelligence factors complement each other, and even the latter is more important. As far as the average person is concerned, the difference in intelligence is not obvious. The difference in performance between people mainly depends on the cultivation of non-intellectual factors in early childhood. In other words, the cultivation of non-intellectual factors is an important educational content in a person's life, and optimistic attitude, stable mood and strong will are important signs of mental health. With good psychological quality, people can give full play to their intelligence and achieve something in the future.
Third, in early childhood education? Family education?
1. Change the concept of education and promote children's all-round development.
Parents have the responsibility to let their children know and learn things other than intellectual education, so that their children can develop in an all-round and balanced way. At the same time, we should care about children moderately but don't spoil them, and cultivate their independent living ability. Parents should try their best to enhance their children's sense of responsibility, which includes not only being responsible for their words and deeds, but also being responsible for society and others. Only by assuming certain social responsibilities can we reflect our own life value. At the same time, parents should also pay attention to enhancing their children's ability to bear setbacks, the spirit of hard work, the courage and perseverance to overcome difficulties, so that children can experience the hardships of life from an early age and undergo some tempering appropriately to adapt to the increasingly fierce competition in modern society.
2. Create a harmonious atmosphere and unify educational ideas.
Children live in a harmonious family, what they see is the mutual care between parents or family members, and what they feel is warmth and understanding, so that children will learn to care, understand, respect and appreciate others, instead of being selfish, unruly and ungrateful. In the concept of education, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of parents and grandparents in the way of education, so that children will not be confused and at a loss because of the disagreement between their elders.
Strengthen good behavior
When people are praised or rewarded by the outside world, they will gradually develop the corresponding internal self-reward tendency, which is manifested as internal self-satisfaction. If we can transition from external reinforcement to internal reinforcement, good behavior will be consolidated more effectively.
Fourthly, develop the content of preschool education.
The goal of early childhood education determines the nature and composition of the content of early childhood education-in nature, it emphasizes the all-round development of children, pays attention to making children become complete people and dignified and valuable individuals, and lays the foundation for their lifelong development; From the perspective of composition, early childhood education should include body, knowledge, skills, morality, intelligence, spirit, soul and creativity, so as to promote the all-round development of early childhood, and attention should be paid to the mutual penetration and all-round development of various fields of early childhood education.
Japan 1998 "Essentials of Early Childhood Education" divides the content of early childhood education into? Healthy? 、? Interpersonal relationship? 、? Environment? 、? Language? And then what? Performance? Five fields, and emphasize the integration and penetration of these fields. On 200 1 China promulgated the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)" >: The content of preschool education is divided into five fields: health, language, society, science and art, and it is clearly pointed out that the content of each field permeates each other and promotes the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills from different angles? ; The contents of various fields should be organically linked and infiltrated with each other, paying attention to comprehensiveness, interest and activity.
Although there are differences in educational content among countries, the content of early childhood education basically reflects the comprehensiveness and integrity of the development goals of early childhood education, and then reflects the values and educational goals of the development goals.
To develop preschool education, we should deal with the relationship between teachers and class collectives.
Smoak, an American psychologist, suggested that, firstly, students should use teachers' expectations of their classes to strengthen their expectations of themselves and their classes. Secondly, teachers' guiding role should be used to cultivate students' self-management and educational ability. Third, make use of teachers' acceptance and love for students to promote friendship and unity among students. Fourth, make use of teachers' expectation effect on students to formulate and revise students' common behavior standards. Fifth, make use of the mutual communication between teachers and students to enhance the communication ability between students. Sixth, make use of the common goals of teachers, students and classes to strengthen the spirit of mutual cooperation and unity among students. Strive to promote the development of preschool education.
Attach importance to the integration of early childhood education methods and approaches.
In modern times, holistic education advocates the integration of various educational methods and approaches. First of all, what is the basis of the concept of holistic education? Join? And then what? Integrity? Both emphasize integration. What is preschool education? Join? All parts of the artificial system are interdependent and interrelated; The whole means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. In real life, education emphasizes? Integrated education? In other words, every method adopted in the process of education and teaching has its unique value, and every approach has its unique function, which is an indispensable part of the whole. Therefore, preschool education should integrate various methods and approaches to promote children's all-round development.