On this topic, I will talk about four aspects today: 1. What are world outlook, outlook on life and values? Second, what kind of world outlook, outlook on life and values should and must be established? Third, establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values is a necessary condition for maintaining the advanced nature of * * *. Four, how to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, and always maintain the advanced nature of * * *? The contents of these four aspects are progressive and internally related.
1. What are the world outlook, outlook on life and values?
World outlook, also known as cosmology in philosophy, refers to people's general and fundamental views on the whole world, as well as people's fundamental views on the nature and relationships of the world and everything in the world. Once the world outlook is formed, it plays a leading and decisive role in human activities. Everyone has his own worldview, but everyone's worldview is different. Because people's social practice level, historical development stage, knowledge structure and thinking mode are different, their understanding will be different and their world outlook will be different; Because of different fundamental interests and social status, people have different views and attitudes towards social development and life pursuit, thus forming different world views. In the past, we talked about class struggle, and a person's class position and class attributes largely determined a person's world outlook. The problem of world outlook is also that social existence determines social consciousness and what kind of world outlook there is.
Outlook on life is a person's fundamental view and attitude towards the purpose and meaning of life. Outlook on life is the extension and embodiment of the world outlook in the field of life, an important part of the world outlook, determined by the world outlook, and the embodiment of the world outlook on life. Generally speaking, the basic content of outlook on life includes the purpose of life (that is, why live? Or on the other hand, alive. Why? ) attitude towards life (is it a positive attitude or a negative attitude? Eat, drink and be merry or work hard? ) and life evaluation, which constitute the basic content of outlook on life. Happiness, bitter optimism, honor and disgrace, life and death, etc. That is, what we usually say is the development of outlook on life at a more specific level, which belongs to the category of outlook on life.
Values are people's understanding and evaluation criteria of whether things are valuable or not, and they are also the concentrated expression of outlook on life. Simply put, what questions do values answer? Answering the question of whether it is worth it is a question of whether it is worth doing and whether it is worth it. A person's values also reflect a person's outlook on life and world to some extent, which directly restricts people's thoughts and behaviors.
So far, I have talked about three concepts, which are connected in series: world outlook is the fundamental view of the world, outlook on life is the view of life, and values are the answer to what is worth and what is not worth in life and its value. These three are in such a relationship.
World outlook, outlook on life and values are an organic whole. No matter what world outlook there is, it is an important part and concrete embodiment of the world outlook. Outlook on life and values are closely linked. Outlook on life determines the value orientation, values guide the direction of life, and outlook on life and values enrich and develop the world outlook.
Let me give a few examples to illustrate what is the world outlook, outlook on life and values, and the relationship between them.
When we study dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the first basic point of contact is: "The world is material, the material is moving, the movement is regular, and the law can be recognized." These four classic sentences belong to the category of world outlook and answer the fundamental view of the world. What is the world like? The world is material; What about matter? Matter is in motion; How about sports? Exercise regularly; What is the law? Laws can be recognized. It is materialism and dialectical materialism that admit this view. Because dialectical materialism introduces movement, development, change and knowability, the law can be known. There are two camps in philosophy, materialism and idealism, which are distinguished according to different world views. As we all know, Hegel is a master of dialectics, but he is an idealist. Hegel's Little Logic can be said to be a masterpiece of dialectics. He explained the forms, contradictions and laws of movement very profoundly and was a master of dialectics. But when he answered the origin and essence of the world, he fell into idealism. He believes that the origin and essence of the world is absolute spirit. Materialists think that the essence of the world is matter, while Hegel thinks it is spirit, and it is absolute spirit. So Hegel is an idealist philosopher in philosophy, but at the same time he is a master of dialectics. Another example is Newton, who is familiar to everyone. He is a scientist and discovered the law of gravity. It should be said that scientists' world outlook should be very scientific, but not necessarily. Newton studied classical mechanics, he looked for the ultimate driving force, and finally came to the conclusion that God was the ultimate driving force, and returned to idealism. He believes that the world is moving and various forces are interacting, but the ultimate driving force cannot be found. He found God, and he is also an idealist. We should at least be materialists. Speaking of * * *, you must be a materialist. If you are an idealist, you are not suitable to be a member of * * * in essence.
08- 12-2 1 | Add a comment
Bowen 2000
Values are people's understanding and evaluation criteria of whether things are valuable or not, and they are also the concentrated expression of outlook on life. Simply put, what questions do values answer? Answering the question of whether it is worth it is a question of whether it is worth doing and whether it is worth it. A person's values also reflect a person's outlook on life and world to some extent, which directly restricts people's thoughts and behaviors.
So far, I have talked about three concepts, which are connected in series: world outlook is the fundamental view of the world, outlook on life is the view of life, and values are the answer to what is worth and what is not worth in life and its value. These three are in such a relationship.
World outlook, outlook on life and values are an organic whole. No matter what world outlook there is, it is an important part and concrete embodiment of the world outlook. Outlook on life and values are closely linked. Outlook on life determines the value orientation, values guide the direction of life, and outlook on life and values enrich and develop the world outlook.
08- 12-2 1 | Add a comment
138 13803
How should college students establish correct values?
One: How do we view nature? How to treat human society? How to treat life? How to treat study life? These problems will all involve our values. How to establish correct values, treat the world and life correctly, and realize our own values is very important to everyone, especially college students.
The values of college students are closely related to their world outlook and outlook on life. To establish correct values, we must first establish a Marxist world outlook.
1. Marxist worldview is by far the most scientific worldview. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the cornerstones of Marxism. The concrete analysis of specific problems is the living soul of Marxism, and emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and proceeding from reality are the essence of Marxist theory. China used Marxist theory to guide China's revolution and construction, and achieved two historic breakthroughs, one was the establishment of Mao Zedong Thought, and the other was the establishment of Deng Xiaoping Theory. Not good, but as long as you are good at summing up, drawing inferences from others and understanding the law, you can turn bad things into good things and do your work better.
2. Secondly, establish a correct outlook on life.
First of all, happiness is the goal of life. Pursue happiness-don't punish yourself for your mistakes. Don't punish others with your own mistakes. Don't punish yourself with other people's mistakes. A person's life should be a constant accumulation of happiness to form happiness.
Secondly, choose a noble outlook on life. The outlook on life is optional. Different life choices determine different lives. Different choices show different attitudes towards life and different outlook on life.
Third, people should pursue noble character. Establish a positive, optimistic, kind and self-reliant attitude towards life.
Second, establish correct values.
At present, Chinese college students are facing the most critical period of life development. The times require us to face and think about how to correctly handle a series of important issues such as the relationship between individuals and society in all aspects of study and life. We should learn to survive, learn to learn, learn to create and learn to contribute. These are the most basic and important qualities that we must have to face society and life in the future. Among them, I think the most important thing is to learn how to be a man and learn to be a person with sound personality that meets the needs of national prosperity and social progress and development; Learn to be a person who can correctly handle the relationship between people, people and society, and people and nature and make them develop harmoniously; Be a person with ideals, morality and noble sentiments. In short, be a person who is beneficial to society, people and the country. This requires each of us college students to firmly establish a correct outlook on life from now on.
Values are also a problem that we college students will encounter almost all the time. When we do things and talk, we often consider: "Is it useful?" "Is there any benefit?" "Is it worth it?" "Use", "profit" and "value" are a value judgment. When we praise the noble qualities of outstanding people, we often say "more precious than gold", and when we accuse some people of immorality, we often say "worthless". "Gold" and "money" are a kind of value judgment. Comrade Mao Zedong praised Zhang Ende for "dying for the benefit of the people is heavier than Mount Tai." This is also a value judgment.
1. Treat power, status and money correctly.
"What wealth can I have? As a college student, I can't afford to buy a car or a house, and my tuition is so tight and my life is so tight. Look at people … "People often express such feelings, but in fact our understanding of wealth is one-sided. Wealth is not just power and money, they are just one of the more striking wealth.
A person's life is like ebb and flow, and it is difficult to decide whether to go to war. You should see the danger of falling to the bottom at the tide, and have the confidence and action to hit the peak at the tide. At that time, Lin Gang had a hard life and suffered many setbacks. Who believes that the shoemaker's son will become one of the greatest presidents in history? Deng Xiaoping has experienced three ups and downs. When people criticized Deng, who would have thought that he would design a brand-new blueprint for China in a few years? When Bill Gates dropped out of school, who would have thought that he would become the richest man in the world? There are countless such examples, and any miracle in the world can happen. There is only one premise: I am still alive, I will work hard and I have confidence. This is the most precious wealth in a person's life.
The second important wealth is everything we have today, please cherish them very much! You have no great promise, but after all, you have been admitted to the university and your future is bright. Home is very warm-this affection is wealth, which is worth cherishing all your life. Although you didn't make a fortune or want to make a fortune, you didn't steal, rob, cheat, and live frugally. Although you are not rich, you are still helpful, and all your relatives and friends like to be with you. This kind of good character, integrity and social conduct is also your precious wealth. We may not realize their importance, but they will give you a reward in the end.
Third, your complaint shows that you are dissatisfied with the status quo, and you are trying to change the status quo and pursue what you want. This desire and ambition is also wealth.
Perhaps the current disappointment, adversity, frustration and even suffering make you feel sad, but they are all your wealth! It is often said that suffering is the best university, and people who have achieved great things at all times and in all countries have come out of suffering. In adversity, we will undergo all kinds of tests and tempering, and we will be tempered into steel, achieving our extraordinary will quality and ability. "We will work hard to gain what we can't." Adversity is not terrible, what is terrible is that you regard it as the end rather than the process.
2. Correctly handle the relationship between ideal and reality.
People live in the world of reality and ideal, material and spirit. The real world and the material world are the basis of human survival and development, while the ideal world and the spiritual world are the driving force and value orientation of human life. Promoting any world is not a real human life. We advocate that everyone should have certain material interests, but we are opposed to putting personal interests above social interests at the expense of others. What we advocate is the unity of ideal and reality, spirit and material, the combination of individual interests and collective interests, the integration of individual ideals into the common ideal of all people, and the integration of individual struggle into the struggle for the socialist modernization of the motherland.
Through study, I realize that to establish correct and scientific values, we should not only be guided by the correct theories such as Marxism-Leninism, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, but also be brave in practice, and cultivate, form and carry forward lofty life values in concrete study and life practice. As an important new force of future social builders, college students are bound to be influenced by many factors. We not only need to mobilize the enthusiasm of society, schools, families and other aspects to do a good job together, but also need each of our college students to consciously practice, be brave in exploration, be thirsty for knowledge, think more and ask more questions, innovate and create, and especially pay attention to starting from the little things around them, seeking truth and being pragmatic. Infiltrate the ideological and political education of schools and party organizations into all aspects of our daily study and life, strengthen the behavioral norms of social values, train keen thinking through repeated reinforcement of value practice, form good judgment ability, and then establish correct life values, and strive to become the kind of compound talents who will survive, be good at learning and be brave in innovation needed by social development in the 2/Kloc-0 century. Only in this way can we effectively help each of our college students to establish correct values, straighten out the relationship between social values and personal values, moral values and utilitarian values, truly shoulder the great mission of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization and truly realize the value of life.
09-06- 14 | Add a comment
I am cooling down 2008.
The obvious difference between human and animals lies in thought, and the core of human thought is human world outlook, outlook on life and values. As the main switch of human thought, it guides and dominates all human activities.
World outlook (also known as "cosmology") usually refers to people's fundamental view of the whole world (that is, thinking about nature, society and people). Different world views are manifested in people's different positions, viewpoints and methods in understanding and transforming the world. The change of one's world outlook and outlook on life is a fundamental change. The basic problem of world outlook is the relationship between spirit and matter, thinking and existence, and subjective and objective. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the world outlook of the proletariat and its political parties. Our party combined this scientific world outlook with China's concrete practice, and formed the ideological line of "seeking truth from facts" with China characteristics, that is, "proceeding from reality, integrating theory with practice, seeking truth from facts, testing truth in practice and developing truth". This is the most concrete, vivid and concentrated embodiment of a scientific and correct world outlook. Our reform, opening up and socialist modernization, as well as all our activities to know the world and the world; We must follow this ideological line and scientific world outlook, seek truth from facts and constantly emancipate our minds on the basis of practice. Respect objective laws, pay attention to investigation and study, adhere to the mass line, constantly sum up experience, and achieve the unity of theory and practice, subjective and objective materialism and dialectics. As Deng Xiaoping said: Seeking truth from facts is the basis of proletarian world outlook and the ideological basis of Marxism. All the victories of our revolution in the past depended on seeking truth from facts; Now we need to seek truth from facts if we want to realize the four modernizations. Not only the Central Committee and the Provincial Party Committee ... but also a factory ... we should seek truth from facts, emancipate our minds, use our brains to think about problems and do things.
Outlook on life is people's fundamental view on life problems. The main content is the understanding of the purpose and meaning of life and the attitude towards life, including the views of public and private, justice and benefit, bitter optimism, honor and disgrace, happiness and life and death. Outlook on life is gradually formed in people's life practice and living environment. Because of people's different social practice, living environment, cultural accomplishment and education level, they have different outlook on life. The correct outlook on life guides people to follow the correct life path, create life achievements with their own labor, and become noble people who are beneficial to society and people. A wrong outlook on life will lead people to deviate from the correct life path, go astray, and even become criminals who endanger society and people.
Values are people's fundamental views on value issues, including their understanding of the essence, composition and standards of value. These different understandings have formed people's different values. Everyone is guided by their own values, forms different value orientations, and pursues what they think is most valuable. The connotation of value is very rich, which can be generally divided into material value and spiritual value, as well as comprehensive and complex value, such as human value (or life value); It is very important for a person's development to establish correct values and scientific and reasonable value orientation.
Thus, the world outlook, outlook on life and values are both different and closely related. The so-called difference is manifested in the difference in connotation and scope. The world outlook faces the whole world, the outlook on life faces the field of social life, and the values go further, which refers to the value orientation of people in the process of personal development. At the same time, they also have close internal relations. On the one hand, the world outlook dominates and guides the outlook on life and values; On the other hand, outlook on life and values in turn restrict and influence the world outlook.
The guiding role of world outlook, outlook on life and values is mainly to reveal the laws of world development and change, point out the social history and human development direction, and provide guarantee and service for the choice of life purpose and life path. If a person does not solve materialism from the world outlook and look at things dialectically, objectively and comprehensively, it will be difficult to establish his own correct outlook on life and values. Of course, outlook on life and values will also have an effect on the world outlook, or consolidate, improve and promote the development of the world outlook, or shake, destroy and distort the world outlook. For example, in real life, some tax collectors were eroded by individualism and money worship in their outlook on life because they couldn't stand the temptation of material and money under the conditions of market economy, and finally wavered and abandoned their original revolutionary ideals and beliefs, and went astray and went to rolling in the deep until they destroyed their future. This is a negative example. For example, Zhang Chenguang, the former tax cadre of a provincial tax bureau, has just been working for less than a year, and has committed crimes 152 by means of illegal interception, destruction of tax payment voucher stubs, "big head and small tail" and tax collection without invoicing, and embezzled taxes of 1.7 million yuan, and was sentenced to 7 years in prison. At the same time, there are many positive examples that show that if a person can adhere to the outlook on life of serving the people wholeheartedly, then he can better understand and accept the materialistic and dialectical world outlook, strive to overcome subjective and one-sided problems, seek truth from facts and act according to objective laws. It can be seen that if every tax official wants to be in an invincible position in his own life journey, make some achievements and become a meaningful person, he must pay attention to learning, cultivate a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, grasp the objective laws through the correct world outlook, and clearly understand where the world and China will eventually go; Through the correct outlook on life, we can know what to live for and what kind of person to become, and establish a noble and upward value pursuit through the correct values to realize the perfect value of life.
09-06- 15 | Add a comment
Egg yolk pie
As a special way for people to grasp the world, aesthetic activity is a free and creative practice for people to grasp the reality according to the "law of beauty" in the unity of sensibility and rationality.
Generally speaking, the characteristics of aesthetic activities mainly include the following aspects:
First, aesthetic activities look at human life and productive labor from the perspective of aesthetics (art). This includes two meanings: first, in the process of life and production and labor, people can create according to the "law of beauty". In this creative process, people have overcome the passivity completely dominated by external nature, and truly realized the unity of regularity and purpose. For example, it is just an instinctive activity of animals (such as bees, ants, beavers, etc.). ) build a nest or residence for yourself. They are the same from generation to generation; However, people can build houses with different functions and styles for themselves according to their own needs and the characteristics and laws of objects, such as quadrangles, villas, palaces, skyscrapers, circles or squares, wood structures or reinforced concrete ... which can fully reflect the interests and standards of builders and unite people's hearts. Secondly, the static result of human life and productive labor, with its beautiful external form and the content of unity of regularity and purpose, shows the essence of human freedom and consciousness emotionally, which makes people appreciate this result with a happy mood.
Secondly, because aesthetic activity has been separated from material production and labor, its aesthetic value is not hidden behind practical value, but occupies a leading position in human life and labor production and its achievements. Therefore, the aesthetic value at this time will become an important measure to measure the rationality of all life and productive labor in a special form.
Third, in the aesthetic activities, the grasp of the process and results of life and productive labor is more from the perceptual form. In other words, aesthetic activities start from the intuitive perceptual form and never leave the intuitive representation and emotional experience form of life and production labor process and its results. However, due to the unity of regularity and purpose of beauty, aesthetic activities are always accompanied by certain rational content, which will lead people to think deeply on the rational level. Just different from general cognitive activities, the rational content in aesthetic activities is not mediated by concepts, that is, it does not appear in the form of concepts, but is mediated by emotions and imagination and carried by images. It is precisely because of this that aesthetic activities can maintain their free and independent character.
In aesthetic activities, all external sensory materials will be integrated into aesthetic activities, just as Kant's "category" can integrate phenomena and make them obey the "subject". Kant's "subject" is not the entity's "I think", but empty and unreal. Aesthetics is "virtual" and "from virtual to real". Aesthetics is related to "rationalism" and "empiricism", which is a comprehensive phenomenon with both sensibility and rationality, and is an original synthesis. It just does not go in the direction of cognition or knowledge, but resides in the field of "pre-knowledge" and "pre-concept" Aesthetics is not something that happens in the field of consciousness, but the perception of the body, which is a "body-subject" phenomenon.
When cognitive attitude exists, aesthetic feeling is lost. Aesthetic attitude is the original attitude. Only by looking at the world with an aesthetic attitude can the real beauty of the world be revealed. Aesthetic attitude should be cultivated, culturally cultivated and philosophically cultivated in order to be maintained or maintained. You can't look at the world just by feeling or keeping an aesthetic attitude.
Aesthetics is to "judge" the original beauty of the world and leave it for you to appreciate, so that you can get pleasure or "family happiness" and "supreme happiness" from it.
Aesthetics is not superfluous, but necessary. Everything else can be redundant, only aesthetics can't be redundant.
The word "aesthetic" can be understood as a noun, which refers to a natural, lively and happy state of "harmony between man and nature" and "blending of scenes". Aesthetics can be recognized, but not with it.
We can distinguish a purely innocent and happy activity with no concept, no purpose and no utility among various human activities. In any case, it exists and cannot be erased or covered up.
Aesthetics is Archimedes point. "Tao does the opposite", and Tao always has the nature of "opposition" to aesthetic existence. "Doing the opposite" is an innate instinct, or nature, or nature.