In ancient novels, it is said that two people are fighting, and it is often said that "the war is 300 rounds." But what is a "circle"? The word actually originated from the ancient car war. In ancient society, whether in the East or in the West, there was a period in which the car war was the main form of war. In China, it was from Shang Dynasty to the early years of Western Han Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn Period, especially in the car wars, for example, in Zuo Zhuan's Four Years of Hidden Gong, it was said: "In autumn, the princes attacked Zheng ... the teacher of Zhuang Ke and defeated Zheng's disciples." Shen Qinhan's Addendum to Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period said: Defeating only his disciples shows that although Zheng was defeated, he did not make great achievements. If the car loses, it is a big defeat. Another example is Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongyuan: "I ordered my son to seal the handsome car and take a trip to Beijing." In other words, only the number of cars, not the number of people. As can be seen from the above, the importance of car fighting. According to Sima Fa, there are three soldiers in one car, and seventy-two people move step by step. The footman is the "apprentice" mentioned earlier. The so-called three armed men "shoot" on the left side of the chariot and carry out long-range attacks with bows and arrows; The "Yu" in the middle is a chariot of four horses, the two horses in the middle are clothes, and the left and right sides are called "scorpions" or "scorpions", and Yu is the driver; On the right, "Cheyou" holds a shield for melee defense and is well prepared. Among the three warriors, "Shooting" and "Imperial" were all educated by aristocrats, and the six arts of the Zhou Dynasty, "Rite, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Numbering", were all aristocratic courses. And "Cheyou" chose a strong, loyal and brave warrior, such as "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years": "In autumn and July, the marquis of Jin drank Zhao Dun wine, prostrated himself in armor, and would attack it. The right Timi knows. ..... Timmy is dead. " The "right" in it refers to the "car right", and the biography of Ram says here: "Zhao Dun's car right is the best in the country." This once again explains why chariots are important. Because these "soldiers of the three armed forces" are all noble elites and invincible warriors. The soldiers behind the chariot are just a group of farmers or slaves. The position of the three soldiers is generally fixed, but there are also special circumstances, that is, when the monarch and the monarch are sitting in the car. At this time, the Lord will be in the center, the charioteer will be on the left, and the right position of the car will remain unchanged. Because the Lord is in the car, and on the right side of the car is the warrior among the warriors; The charioteer rides on the side of the horse, which makes him technically superior. Therefore, when introducing the war, Zuo Zhuan almost always explains the commander-in-chief and the right to the car, such as Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong for three years: "In the spring of three years, Quwo Wu Gong cut his wings, second only to Jingting. Han Wan Yurong, Hongliang is right. " "Zuo Zhuan Min Gongyuan": "Jin Gong served as the second army, and the public went to the army, and the eldest son Shen Sheng gave birth. Yu Zhao Yu Rong, Bi Wan is the right. " Zuozhuan? The following year: "In winter and December, Wei was attacked. Duke Mu of Wei ... The canal is full of jade, Zibo is on the right, Huang Yi is in front, and Kong Ying is in the hall. Fighting with Tijen in Yingze. " "The eldest son handsome teacher ... fox rabbit jade capacity, it is right to meet friends for the first time; Liang raised Han Yi, but he was the first suitable candidate. Dr. sheep tongue is a captain. "At the beginning of the chariot war, the chariot sailed to the other side, and the two sides began to fight: first, long-range archers attacked each other; When the chariot approaches, the right side of the chariot fights with a spear; Then the chariots pass by, drive away, and then exchange bows and arrows. This process is called "combination". Harmony is meeting and fighting. For example, in the "Battle of Xi" in Zuozhuan Chenggong Two Years, the charioteer explained that "from the beginning, the arrow hit the elbow. I folded the royal card and the revolver was red. " Zheng Qiu, the right driver of the car, also said, "From the beginning, if there is danger, I will get off the cart. "Now Japan talks about war and still uses' joint war'. Everyone has heard of the most famous "source-level joint war". After the chariot has sailed away, it must turn around again and prepare for the second attack. The process of this chariot turning around is "back". Then the two cars approached again, "near". A "reply" must have a "combination". In this way, the war continued. Until one party loses, after the merger, it will not "return" and drive away directly. Because the fleeing party fled after closing the door, it rushed out of the battlefield directly without slowing down, so it has a certain speed advantage; The victorious side, after "combination", must slow down and "turn back" again to find the other side's escape, thus speeding up the pursuit. This has a distance disadvantage and a speed disadvantage, which is generally difficult to catch up with. It is precisely because of this reason that in the "Battle of Ji", there was a situation that "all the teachers were defeated, one after another, and three ignored them". It is also for this reason that it is difficult to capture the other generals alive in ancient car wars. Of course, there are exceptions, or occasionally, such as Zuo Zhuan? In the third year of Huan Gong, Jin Gong went to war with Yong Hou, and Yong Hou fled. The result was "the only way", that is, on the way to escape, the charioteer did not pay attention, and one of the four horses driving was caught in a branch, but did not escape and was captured alive. It can also be seen that the charioteer is very important in the automobile war. Another important reason is that ancient trains and tracks were unified. "Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongyuan" said: "The son of heaven was buried in July and formed on the same track. "Using the same trajectory to represent the world can illustrate this problem. In the chariot war, the chariots must follow the previous rut, otherwise, the chariots will collide or "return" without being together. You don't have to follow the previous rut marks when you escape. Therefore, in the ten years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong and the battle between Qi and Jin, Cao Gui "looked down on the road" and judged Qi Baishi's defeat according to the "looked down on the road". After the Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the decisive force of the battle changed from the inland of the Central Plains to the Xiongnu in the north, and the heroic situation of "returning" and "merging" gradually disappeared. But the "circle" once explained a confrontation in the battle, but it has spread to this day.