Anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant, detoxicating and improving eyesight.

Disadvantages:

Eating too much may hurt the intestines.

Medical function of chicken gall;

1. Cholestasis The important function of animal bile is to promote bile secretion, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the main component of chicken bile, can also increase the secretion of bile and bile salts. Oral administration of CDCA 150mg daily to monkeys not only increased the secretion of bile and leg acid salts, but also increased the secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol, which decreased the solubility of cholesterol in the bile of rhesus monkeys with normal bile acid bank. Intravenous injection of CDCA into anesthetized dogs and dogs with bile duct diseases also increased the secretion of bile and bile salts. CDCA can relax Oddi sphincter at the end of pig bile duct and promote bile discharge into duodenum. On the specimens of pig common bile duct with sphincter of Oddi preserved, CpeA has stronger relaxing effect than cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and dehydrocholic acid, but not as good as deoxyfatty acid. In addition, it is reported that the composition of bile acids in bile has changed obviously after oral administration of CDCA. CDCA increased from about 40% to over 80%, while leg acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) decreased correspondingly, while deoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) increased slightly. 2. Cholelithiasis dissolution CDCA is a cholesterol gallstone dissolving agent, which can change the composition of bile acids in bile, increase the storage of bile in the body, reduce the synthesis and secretion of cholesterol by the liver, significantly reduce the concentration of cholesterol in bile, reduce the rate of gallstone formation, and desaturate the cholesterol in bile, thus gradually dissolving, shrinking or even disappearing the formed gallstones. In vitro, CDCA is incubated with pure cholesterol particles or cholesterol gallstones in buffer solution and formed by mixed cells, so that the surface of the particles or cholesterol gallstones is dissolved. In the monkey experiment, CDCA can increase the ratio of bile pool, that is, (bile acid lecithin)/(cholesterol), improve the ability of bile to dissolve cholesterol, reduce cholesterol synthesis and increase bile secretion. Oral CDCA can decrease the activity of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in liver and reduce cholesterol synthesis in patients with cholelithiasis.

3. Effect on digestive system Bile can emulsify water-insoluble fat, which is beneficial to the digestion of fat by pancreatic lipase and promotes the absorption of fat digestion products and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K, E). Bile acids such as CA and CDCA can also enhance the activity of pancreatic lipase. In the small intestine of mice, chenodeoxycholic acid can resist the spasm caused by choline acetate, and its ID50 is 6.3 × 10-5g/ml, which is stronger than cholate, but not as good as deoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate. Perfusion of CDCA into colon of anesthetized dogs can reduce the absorption of water and electrolyte. Oral CDCA will reduce appetite and easily lead to diarrhea, which will lead to weight loss.

Pictures related to chicken gall (6 photos)

4. Effect on respiratory system: Pouring chicken bile 37.5ml/kg into stomach has obvious antitussive effect on cough caused by ammonia fog in mice, and its effect is stronger than that of pig and sheep bile. CDCA is the main component of chicken bile, which has a more significant antitussive effect. Chicken bile (50ml/kg) was given to the stomach, and the phenol red test in mice proved that it had significant expectorant effect, which was stronger than sheep bile and pig bile. The effect of sodium goose deoxycholate is more significant. 0. 1.5g/kg goose deoxyleg sodium can inhibit the asthma attack in guinea pigs caused by histamine spray, indicating that chicken bile has antiasthmatic effect.

5. Other effects It has been proved by dog experiments that CDCA has antihypertensive effect, such as hydralazine hydrochloride, but it has few side effects. CDCA can also reduce heart rate, serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Subcutaneous injection of goose deoxyleg sodium in mice has obvious detoxification effect on strychnine nitrate. Chicken bile has obvious inhibitory effect on Bordetella pertussis in vitro, which is stronger than pig and sheep bile. CDCA extracted from chicken bile also has obvious antibacterial effect on tetracoccus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus A and Neisseria. Leg acid (CA) is another component of chicken bile, and its pharmacological action is similar to that of bovine bile.

6. Pharmacokinetics CDCA is a non-binding bile acid, which is easy to be absorbed. Oral administration of 400mg 1 time on an empty stomach or after staying almost completely absorbed; After liver metabolism 1 time, it can clear 62%, and the concentration is very low when bleeding. After the liver is combined with glycine or taurine, it is secreted into bile, and then participates in the enterohepatic circulation. A part of CDCA can be excreted in the intestine, and a small part can be converted into lithocholic acid (LCA) in the intestine, which is excreted after sulfonation. About 40% of the unsulfonated people are absorbed at the end of ileum, and participate in intestinal-hepatic circulation, so that LCA in bile is slightly increased. The metabolism of C 14 labeled CDCA in rat jejunum is 9 times that in ileum, so human small intestine may metabolize CDCA. Human studies show that CD-CA is mainly converted into LCA and isocitric acid in the body and excreted from feces.

7. Acute toxicity test: the LD50 of CDCAL in mice was 65438±0.005g/kg/kg, and that in mice was 9665438 0 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection; Tube feeding rats.

2.70g/kg, the main symptoms are diarrhea and bloody stool, and pylorus and intestinal wall bleeding can be seen at autopsy. Subacute toxicity: The rats were given CDCA 300mg/kg, 450mg/kg, 600 mg/(kg d)/kloc-0 for 4 weeks, and no serious adverse reactions were found. Only the growth of male rats in the high dose group was slightly inhibited, and the transaminase of female rats in the middle and high dose groups increased. Give monkeys CDCA10-100 mg/(ks d)1month orally. The high dose group caused diarrhea and slightly lost weight. However, the blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen, plasma albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) all remained in the normal range, and there was no obvious abnormality in liver activity. Chronic toxicity: Macaca mulatta was taken orally at the dosage of 40 mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 120mg/kg every day for 6 months, which caused liver damage, manifested as bile duct epithelial hyperplasia and monocyte infiltration. It is also reported that the order of toxicity of bile acids to primary cultured rat hepatocytes is CDCA >；; DCA & gtUCDA & gt； The toxicity of CA increased with the increase of concentration and incubation time. In mouse experiments, CDCA produces mild periodic hepatitis, and the main symptom of liver injury is the expansion of hepatocyte nuclei. The increase of AST, ALT and alkaline phospholipase concentration can alleviate this liver injury. In the third experiment, rhesus monkeys received CDCA every day from the 0-45th day of pregnancy. The initial dose was120 mg/(kg d), and then it was gradually reduced to 90 mg/(kg d) and 60 mg/(kg d). Fetal monkeys were cut on 120 days, and some organs were damaged, such as liver. The mutagenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis were tested on mammalian microsomes, and CDCA was not found to have mutagenic effect. Therefore, it is considered that CDCA has the risk of promoting colon cancer and needs further study. The toxicity of cholic acid (CA), another component of chicken bile, is similar to that of bovine bile.

Chicken bile was purchased from slaughterhouses all over the country, and then chenodeoxycholic acid was extracted from chicken bile and converted into ursodeoxycholic acid. The extraction synthesis rate is 65438 0%.