We must pay attention to tenses and remember the collocation of words when changing sentence patterns.
Taking the examination questions in the past two years as an example, the classification is as follows:
[Category I] is changed to a negative sentence.
In English, negation has different structures, including verb negation, noun and pronoun negation, partial negation, negative transfer and some phrases or sentence patterns that express negative meanings.
First, when a sentence containing auxiliary verbs such as connecting verbs and modal verbs becomes a negative sentence, just add not after the connecting verbs and modal verbs. The underlined part is the correct answer, the same below. )
1. He was late for school yesterday. (Taizhou City, Heilongjiang Province, 2005)
He was not late for school yesterday.
The students in the second middle school are ready to have a picnic. (2004 Xinjiang)
The students in No.2 Middle School haven't gone for a picnic yet.
Second, imperative sentences become negative sentences and are generally not added before them. For example:
3. Open the window. (Jiangsu Province, 2005)
Don't open the window.
Third, the negative form of notional verbs is to add don't, not, dot and so on. Before the notional verb. For example:
She does housework every day. (Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 2005)
She does not do housework every day.
He returned the book to the library this morning. (Chongqing 2004)
He didn't return the book to the library this morning.
Note: when changing negative sentences, we should pay attention to the changes of some words, such as changing some to any, changing some to any, to yet, both to inside, all to none, etc. Another example is:
6. They are both my best friends. (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 2004)
None of them are my best friends.
[The second category] is changed to a question.
It can be divided into general questions, choice questions and ambiguous questions.
When 1. is changed into a general interrogative sentence, the sentence containing connecting verbs and modal verbs only needs to be moved to the beginning of the sentence, with the initial letter capitalized and the end of the sentence changed into a question mark. In sentences with notional verbs, do, does, did, etc. Add before the notional verb. In the process of change, we should also pay attention to the changes of some words and characters. For example:
7. There is something to eat on the blackboard. (Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 2005)
Is there anything to eat in the cupboard?
Kate does morning exercises every day. (Jinan City, Shandong Province, 2004)
Does Kate do morning exercises every day?
9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 2005)
Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday?
Second, when changing multiple-choice questions, if the sentence is a general question, just add "or+another choice part" directly after it; If it is a declarative sentence, it must first become a general question. For example:
10. John is an American. (changed from Canadian to multiple-choice question) (Xinjiang in 2004)
Is John American or Canadian?
Third, when changing interrogative sentences, we should pay attention to "before Ken, after No" and "before No, after Ken", and also pay attention to some special forms of interrogative sentences. For example:
1 1. She hardly ate anything this morning, did she? (Taian City, Shandong Province, 2005)
12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, won't you? (Chongqing in 2004)
13. She didn't eat anything for breakfast, did she? (Qinghai in 2005)
14. The twins have no time to go shopping, do they? (Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 2004)
[Category III] Mutual changes between simple sentences and plural sentences
In the process of transformation, the personal sum of nouns and verbs, personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and demonstrative pronouns should also be changed accordingly. For example:
15. That's my book. (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 2004)
Those are our books.
16. She is his student. (Jiangsu in 2005)
They are their students.
[Fourth] Variable exclamatory sentences
Turning a declarative sentence into an exclamatory sentence is divided into the following steps:
Step 1: Cross out the sentence after the predicate verb. For example, the box is heavy.
Step 2: Modifiers of adjectives and adverbs after diagonal lines should be removed, such as the above sentences.
Step 3: If the central words in the back part of the slash are adjectives and adverbs, add how in front of the back part of the slash. If the head word is a noun, add something.
Step 4: change the capitalization of statements to lowercase, and the capitalization of exclamatory sentences to uppercase.
Step 5: Change the period at the end of the statement into an exclamation point. So the last sentence should be changed to: the box is so heavy! Another example is:
17. They are very happy to see each other. (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 2005)
How happy they are to see each other!
[Category 5] Synonymous Transformation
Refers to using different words, phrases and sentence patterns to express the same or similar meaning. It mainly has the following changes:
1. Replace part of the sentence with synonyms (phrases) and synonyms (phrases). For example:
18. Lin Tao is good at physics. (Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 2005)
Lin Tao is good at physics.
19. He spent two hours playing computer last night. (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 2004)
He spent two hours playing computer last night.
Second, rewrite with antonyms (phrases) or sentence patterns. For example:
I don't think art is as important as math. (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 2004)
I don't think art is as important as math.
2 1. The runner did his best, but he still fell behind the others. (Xuzhou City, 2004)
Despite his best efforts, the runner couldn't catch up with the others.
Third, the conversion between simple sentences, complex sentences and complex sentences. For example:
22. My father is not a history teacher. My mother is not a history teacher. (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 2004)
Neither my father nor my mother is a history teacher.
Jim can't decide what he should do next. (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 2004)
Jim can't decide what to do next.
David is so careful that he didn't find any mistakes in the test paper. (Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 2004)
David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper.
[Category 6] Asking questions about underlined parts
In fact, it is to turn declarative sentences into special questions. Use different interrogative words for different parts of the question.
Ask the subject first: as long as you choose a suitable interrogative word instead of the underlined part, the word order of the sentence remains unchanged, which means who is right for people, what or what. For example:
25. Mr. Green teaches them English. (2005 Xinjiang)
Who teaches them English?
Second, ask questions about the predicate: whether to take an object, what to use in interrogative words, and replace the predicate with an appropriate form of do. For example:
He was playing basketball at four o'clock yesterday afternoon. (Qinghai in 2005)
What was he doing at four o'clock yesterday afternoon?
3. Question about the object: who refers to people and what refers to things. For example:
27. He lives with his grandmother. (Jiangsu, 2005)
Who does he live with?
28. There are two books in my bag. (Tai 'an City, Shandong Province in 2004)
What's in your bag?
Fourth, about the predicative question: Choose different interrogative pronouns according to the different meanings expressed by the predicative. Who; Generally used to refer to people; When or when; Used when referring to time; When referring to occupation, use what；; What color is used when referring to color; When referring to distance, how far to use, etc. For example:
29. Those flowers are red. (Chongqing in 2004, 2004)
What color are those flowers?
30. Urumqi is 3790 kilometers away from Wuhan. (2005 Xinjiang)
How far is Urumqi from Wu Hanyou?
5. Questions about attributes: Who should use who's, which should use which or what, and how much (how much) to use. For example:
3 1. The car by the river is mine. (Tai 'an City, Shandong Province in 2005)
Which car is yours?
I borrowed nine books from the library. (2005 Xinjiang)
How many books have you borrowed from the library?
6. Question about adverbials (clauses): when refers to interrogative words, where refers to places, why refers to reasons, how refers to degrees and ways, how refers to frequency and how long refers to time periods. For example:
Allen will fly back to England next month. (Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 2004)
How will Allen return to England next month?
John goes to see his grandfather once a week. (Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 2004)
How often does John visit his grandmother?
He worked in this school for five years. (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 2004)
How long has he worked in this school?
Mrs reed didn't sleep well last night because the wind was too noisy. (Jinan City, Shandong Province, 2005)
Why didn't Mrs. Reed sleep well last night?
Jim will come back in two weeks. (Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 2005)
How soon will Jim come back?
7. Ask mixed questions: When asking two or more questions at the same time, you can connect several interrogative words with and at the beginning of the sentence. For example:
I met Jim in the park the day before yesterday. (Jilin in 2004)
When and where did you meet Jim?