Thomas Mann (1875- 1955) is a German writer. Nobel Prize in Literature thomas mann 1875 was born in the northern German port city of Lubeck on June 6th. His father is a huge grain merchant, and his mother was born in Brazil and of Portuguese descent. Thomas Mann was the second of five children, and Heinrich Mann, who was four years older than him, became a famous writer. As a successful businessman, Thomas Mann's father is pragmatic and influential in Lubeck. He was influenced by music, literature and art from his mother. Duality represented by father's pragmatism and mother's artistic temperament became an important theme in thomas mann's later literary creation. Although thomas mann was not a gifted child as a teenager, he showed no interest in school courses. He is more willing to devote himself to developing his long-standing writing hobby, and participate in the magazine "Spring Storm" edited and published by him and others in the form of prose and composition. In a preserved letter 1889, thomas mann, who was only 14 years old at that time, belonged to "lyric drama poet thomas mann" at the end of the letter. This reflects that thomas mann is serious about becoming a writer in the future. Thomas mann's father died early in 189 1, at the age of 4 1, and his children were appointed as guardians. The Guardian believes that thomas mann should choose a suitable career after leaving school. Thomas mann obeyed this wish and later worked in a fire insurance company. For thomas mann, working at a desk is extremely boring and challenging. An anecdote about him is still controversial. I mean, he secretly wrote it when he copied the list. 1892, Mann's mother moved to Munich. Thomas Mann stayed in Lubeck and finished his pre-university studies. He turned most of his energy to literature, and his academic performance was not satisfactory. He only got a "secondary" diploma when he graduated. 1893, thomas mann left Lubeck for Munich. During the period of 1895, thomas mann gave up his job in the fire insurance company. During the period of 1894- 1896, he studied history, art and literature in technical university of munich. At first, he was considering choosing a career as a journalist. The aimlessness of middle school continued during his college study. When 1896 reached the age of 2 1 year, thomas mann has the right to receive monthly pocket money of 160 to 180 marks from the property left by his father. In this way, he has enough income. Thomas mann decided to get rid of those passive teaching activities and become a freelance writer. 1897, thomas mann began to write his first novel, The Block. 190 1 year, this novel was published, and it was an immediate success, thus establishing thomas mann's literary position in Germany. 1905, thomas mann married Prince Heim of Katia. Although Mann didn't know he was gay, he chose to suppress it. They gave birth to six children, three children and three girls. Besides the eldest son klaus mann, the eldest daughter Erica Mann is also a writer, actress and social activist. Klaus mann and Erica Mann are openly gay. 1929, thomas mann won the Nobel Prize in Literature. But that didn't stop Nazism from threatening his family. Except that thomas mann's own works were not to Nazi's taste, his brother Heinrich Mann's progressive remarks, his wife's Jewish ancestry and his children's openly gay identity were enough to make the Nazis gnash their teeth. From 65438 to 0933, the thomas mann family began to live in exile, first in Switzerland and then in the United States. In the United States, Thomas Mann's home in Mount Palisades, California has become a place of worship for many exiles and celebrities. Arnold schoenberg, Bob salter Brecht and his brother Heinrich Mann are all guests here. In 1950s, McCarthyism began to prevail in America. After World War II, Germany was divided into two parts: East and West. Thomas mann finally chose to settle in Switzerland 1952. 1955 On July 20th, Thomas Mann was diagnosed with thrombosis. The treatment didn't work. Thomas Mann died of arteriosclerosis in Zurich Hospital on August 65, 2002 at the age of 80.

This period of the editor's creative career

Fallen

189 photo of thomas mann and his father Henrik.

The short story "Fallen" published in 4 years has a concise title. The novel was published in a magazine called Society and was well received.

The Budenblock Family —— The Decline of a Family

190 1 year, thomas mann's first novel, The Budenblock Family-The Decline of a Family, was published. Once the novel was published, it immediately aroused positive response and resonance among readers and literary critics. However, it soon spread in Lubeck. The big families and characters mentioned in the novel are not completely fictional, but real people in the city. Shortly after the novel was published, a list was circulated, revealing the real characters in the novel. A bookstore in Lubeck was once full of customers because it prepared a declassified list of novel characters that could be checked out. The Family of Budenblock is one of thomas mann's most influential works. Twenty-eight years later, because of the creation of this book, the Royal Swedish Academy Science Award was awarded to thomas mann Nobel Prize in Literature.

Early excellent novels about art and artists

Three novellas, Tristan (1903), Togno Kruger (1903) and Death of Venice (19 12), were called excellent novels about art and artists in the early days. Before World War I, he published many famous novellas. During the First World War, his thoughts were once in crisis and he didn't know the nature of the war clearly. He took a nationalist stance and wanted to defend the so-called "German spirit and culture". After the war, he said that he would defend Weimar Republic. The publication of the novel Magic Mountain from 65438 to 0924 made this writer famous all over the world. Centered on a nursing home, this novel describes many feudal nobles and bourgeois figures in Europe, including Prussian officers, Russian ladies, Dutch colonists and Catholics ... all of them are social parasites. The whole sanatorium is filled with a morbid and dying atmosphere, symbolizing the decline of capitalist civilization. Through the ideological conflict between the characters, the work reveals the blood relationship between decadence and fascism. Hans Castop, the hero of the novel, finally got rid of the boring and empty life by participating in the war, which shows that the author saw the internal relationship between European bourgeois social life and war. In the early 1930s, thomas mann felt the threat of fascism and published his masterpiece Mario and the Magician (1930), which vividly described the horrible atmosphere created by fascism in Italy. 1933 Hitler came to power. He wrote an article condemning the distortion and destruction of German culture by fascism, and delivered a famous speech "The Suffering and Greatness of Richard Wagner". Forced into exile, 194 1 moved to the United States. Thomas mann moved his family to Pacific Palisades (near Los Angeles/California). Thomas mann did not acquire American citizenship until 1944. Although his works were banned in Germany and his nationality and honorary doctorate from Bonn University were deprived, he did not give in, but showed the seriousness of anti-fascism with a famous open letter. During his exile, he actively participated in the anti-fascist struggle and persisted in his creation. He has published the first three novels of Joseph and His Brothers, as well as the green pedicle of Weimar (1939) and so on. He once described his exile like this: "This is unbearable. But it's easier for me to realize that Germany has poison. It's simple because I have nothing to lose. Where I am, there is Germany. I take German culture with me. I keep in touch with the world, and I don't consider myself a loser. " 1947, Bonn University re-awarded him the doctorate certificate. In the same year, the novel Dr. Faust came out. The novel The Elected was published in 195 1 year, which reflected his view that Germany, the defeated country, should adopt a tolerant policy. The unfinished novel Freedom of Felix crull-Memoirs Part I (1954) once again explores the fate of artists in capitalist society. Thomas mann insisted on writing to the last breath. He also wrote a lot of critical articles and letters, and wrote more than 20,000 letters in his long literary career. In his more than 50 years of creation, thomas mann has always been deeply concerned about the fate of mankind and adhered to the progressive humanitarian thought. In his creation, he combined inheriting the fine traditions of European classical writers with exploring new artistic skills and expressing the spirit of the times.

Nobel Prize in Literature

Family photo of Thomas and their children

The book Budenblock Family is basically a portrayal of thomas mann himself. Thomas mann's ancestors were wealthy businessmen, and many characters in the novel were based on his relatives and friends. He studied more carefully the letters, bank numbers, luxurious and warm scenes of banquets in the early family, and even the materials of curtains were extremely elegant, and everything showed the background of the times as much as possible. Therefore, this book is called "German Dream of Red Mansions". 1920, the book sold 654.38+million, 1929, and sold more than one million copies. This is the best-selling novel in Germany. But this book also has many shortcomings, some chapters are obviously dull, and the description of characters is too complicated. Even some people in Lubeck strongly criticized the distortion of characterization in The Budenblock Family. From 65438 to 0929, thomas mann won the Nobel Prize in Literature with this book, which was praised by the Nobel Prize jury as "the first elegant German realistic novel". Nobel Prize in Literature's award did not surprise thomas mann. People speculated that he would win the prize several years ago, and he himself predicted that he would win the prize in 1927. 1On the afternoon of October 2nd, the good news finally reached Thomas Mann from Stockholm. Thomas Mann was not very happy, because the Nobel Prize jury almost only considered his novel The Budenbrooks. This is mainly because the key figure in the Committee, Swedish writer Frederic B.? K, not only did not appreciate "Magic Mountain", but also criticized it in several commentary articles. The prize money is as high as 200,000 marks, equivalent to more than 500,000 euros today. Part of it is used to pay off the high debts caused by the international travel of two children, Erika and Klaus. Klaus mann once said: "Although we didn't get the money, it made us very happy." Part of it was used to pay for the house in Thomas Mann. I bought two more cars, a convertible Buick and a Hodge (predecessor of Audi). A reporter in Stockholm reminded the Thomas Mann family to "leave the money outside". Although they don't understand why, they left a large part of them in Switzerland. When they left Germany in 1933, Thomas Mann lost most of his real estate.

Main work

novel

Budden Brooks-Verfall Einer family, 190 1 year, established the position of writers in the literary world. Translation: People's Literature Publishing House, 1962 The Sacredness of Kings (K? Nigliche Hoheit)， 1909 Der Zauberberg) 1924。 Translation: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 199 1 Joseph and the Brewood of the Seine, 1933-1943 Die Geschichten Jaakobs,1933 Del Ge Jun Joseph. Gypten), 1936 "Wang Joseph" (Joseph de En? Hrer), Weimar Lotte 1943, 1939. Translation: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1989 Doktor Faust, 1947 Selected (Der Erw? Hlte), 195 1 Confessions of a Liar Felix crull (Bekentnisse Hochstacklers Felix Krull), 1954. Translation: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1998.

Narrative, short stories and novellas

Vision, Prosa-Skizze, 1893 gefalun, 1894, debut. The longing for happiness (Der will zum Gluck), 1896 "disappointment" (Entt? Uschung), 1896 Der Tod, 1897 der kleineherr Friedmann, 1897 Der Bajazzo,1897 Tubia Mindnik, 1898 Little Wardrobe,/ Cht), Novellistische Studie,1899 "Luis Chen",1900 "der Wegzum Friedhof",1900 "Gladius Dei", novelle. Ger), novelle 1903 Tristan, novelle 1903 die hungerden, 1903 Das Wunderkind,1903 Einluck, 1904 Beim Prophet,/kloc-0. 1908 Daseisenbahnungluck,1909 How to Fight Jappe and Do Escobar (Wiejappe und Does Cobarsich Prugelten), 19 1 Dertod in Venice, 19 12 Herr und Hund, Ein Idyll, 19 18 children. Lsungen's blood "(w? Lsungenblut), Tristan und Isolde in 192 1, Disorder and Early Pain in 1923, Mario und der Zauberer in 1926, 1930 The Wrong Head-An Indian Legend. Pfe-Eine indische Legende), 1940 Das Gesetz, 1944 Die Betrogene, 1953 translation: thomas mann short stories, Lijiang Publishing House, 2002.

"drama"

Fiorenza, Essays, Betrachtungen eines un Politischen, 19 18 Das Problem der Freiheit, 1937 Try to Analyze Schiller (Fosser Uber Ber Goethe)