How to educate children creatively in kindergartens?
(A) establish a new concept of children and education, and cultivate children's innovative ability.
The premise of "children's innovative education" should be "children's educational innovation", including the renewal of educational concepts and ideas. Paying attention to children's physical and mental characteristics and age characteristics is the key to the success of innovative education. There are relatively few restrictions in the field of early childhood education, which is the best breakthrough to impact traditional educational concepts and teaching models. Teaching methods should be changed from knowledge instillation to thinking encouragement, from passive listening to active exploration, so that children can gain more direct activity experience and knowledge, thus developing their innovative ability and problem-solving ability. First of all, educators must ensure that every child has the potential for innovation and creativity. The child's innovation and creation lies in that he uses his eyes and brain to discover everything he never knew. Therefore, kindergarten teachers should focus on stimulating children's independent observation, imagination, expression and hands-on operation ability, so as to cultivate children's desire and spirit to explore life, nature and society and lay a solid foundation for future creativity.
(2) Help children store a lot of knowledge and information.
In daily life, we should enrich children's knowledge at any time, increase the amount of knowledge, cultivate children's observation ability and interest, teach children the correct observation methods, and develop the study habit of active exploration. For example, when playing games, inspire children to observe what materials and shapes toys are, or what are the similarities and differences between building blocks and plastic plugs. When walking, guide children to feel and observe the difference of the morning, middle and evening sun; Observe the growth process of seeds in natural horns and the living habits of animals in horns; Take the children out of the campus to see shops, post offices, TV stations, libraries, etc. Let children acquire knowledge through personal exploration and lay a solid foundation for the development of innovative ability.
(3) Infiltrate innovative education into one-day activities.
All aspects of kindergarten life can cultivate children's innovative ability. The key lies in whether teachers have the consciousness of developing children's innovative ability, whether they have the ability to tap the potential innovative educational content in ordinary links, and whether they can seize the opportunity of education. As long as teachers have these awareness and qualities, they can develop children's innovative ability in all aspects of daily life. Children learn life experience, not knowledge system. Life is a kindergarten course. Kindergarten activities and game education activities are the ways and carriers of children's innovative and creative education, and cannot rely solely on the role of education in a certain field. For example, children like to play with water, wash their hands for a long time and don't want to leave for a long time. They can organize children to discuss: "What's the use of water? What is it like without water? " Children talk about many uses of water and imagine the consequences without water. This not only stimulates children's divergent thinking, enriches children's imagination, but also makes children understand the importance of cherishing every drop of water.
(d) Be good at using various creative activities to develop children's creativity.
Children's educational psychology has long pointed out that games are the most important and main activity of preschool children, which runs through the growth and development process of preschool children. Schiller, the great master of literature, said: "Only when man is completely human can he play games;" Only when a person plays, he is a complete person. "He even thinks that the emergence of art and games is the last sign and the most important sign for human beings to leave the animal kingdom. Philosopher martin heidegger also pointed out: "Why do children play? Children play because they play. The word' because' disappears in the game, and there is no' why' in the game. The children are playing in the game. "In a sense, one of the biggest drawbacks and cruelest behaviors of" exam-oriented education "is that China students have been gradually deprived of the rights and fun of games by adults since childhood. Even in kindergarten, children don't have the free choice of "play or not", and games become classroom homework and boring homework. Innovative education, as a key part of implementing quality education for children, needs to get out of the misunderstanding of "adult" thinking and really return the game to children so that they can give full play and study happily; Art, music, literature and science are all creative activities. Teachers can let children imitate and create more in activities, and gradually improve their innovative ability. For example, in art activities, after children have mastered the basic painting skills, they should be alert to their independent ideas, innovate their imagination, minimize their imitation of demonstration paintings, grasp the teaching points in activities, and let children create freely. Especially in the evaluation of children's works, it is important to see whether his works are creative, and to make children feel that independent and creative works are the best. Let children learn about nature, explore society and experience life mainly through games, and at the same time learn to recognize, care, communicate and cooperate in games, thus subtly realizing the basic purpose of innovative education.
(5) Create a material environment conducive to the development of innovation ability.
Psychologist Piaget emphasized: "Under the influence of the surrounding environment, children can develop their abilities through the interaction between the subject and the environment." Children are active explorers of the external environment, and anything strange will make them curious with a little guidance. Therefore, teachers should actively guide children to pay attention to and participate in the creation of various hospital environments, and stimulate children's desire to participate, which not only paves the way for children's creativity. In the arrangement of wall decorations and the setting of activity areas, we should fully consider the factors of innovative education. For example, there are structured game areas, story areas, doll houses, handicraft areas, music areas and other activity areas. And you can put a lot of semi-finished materials in the activity area for children to operate and guide them to concretize various associations. Rich activity content and changeable activity materials have inserted wings for the development of children's innovative ability. For cultivating children's innovative ability, the spiritual environment is more important than the material environment. When cultivating children's innovative ability, we should not only pay attention to the development of intellectual factors, but also pay attention to the development of non-intellectual factors. To cultivate children's sound personality, healthy psychology and excellent personality quality, we should pay attention to stimulating and protecting children's curiosity, adventurous spirit and challenging spirit. Teachers and parents should give their children more freedom of choice and not impose too many restrictions. Psychological freedom and psychological safety are important conditions for exerting innovative ability. Therefore, we should create a relaxed, free and happy spiritual environment for children, so that their innovative ability can be fully developed.
(VI) Thoughts on innovative education in kindergartens
In the upsurge of innovative education research, some kindergartens have problems in innovative education. Some kindergartens equate science education and art education with innovative education and quality education. Some kindergartens have invested heavily in building a science palace, conducting scientific training for teachers, and holding exhibitions on doll inventions and creations. Some kindergartens carry out activities such as singing, dancing and painting, thinking that innovative education has been implemented, while others equate individuality with innovative ability. Therefore, in the society, kindergartens, super-long classes are rampant, such as art classes, piano classes, martial arts classes, calligraphy classes, dance classes and so on. It should be noted that science education, art education and even specialty training can promote children's subjectivity and creativity to a certain extent. However, in any case, they are not the foundation and the whole of innovative education in kindergartens. The law of children's physical and mental development determines that innovative education in kindergartens is mainly to cultivate children's interest and consciousness in independent activities and exploration. In the past practice, teachers paid insufficient attention to the value of children's activities, evaluated the results of children's activities too strictly, lacked tolerance and encouragement, and controlled children's activities too much. They often replace the dominant position of children with their own protagonists, which becomes the fetters of children's creative germination. Therefore, the most important thing is to liberate children, so that they can observe the world with their own eyes, express their thoughts with their own language, think with their own brains, and feel nature and society with their own hands. Children who grow up like this are not worried about the interest and spirit of innovation.