All kinds of schools that implement secondary education are secondary schools, and general secondary schools are its main part, shouldering the dual tasks of conveying qualified freshmen to higher schools and cultivating labor reserve forces for national construction. Ordinary secondary specialized schools and secondary normal schools undertake the task of cultivating secondary specialized talents for all sectors of the national economy. There are also vocational middle schools, vocational high schools, adult high schools, adult secondary schools and secondary technical schools.

Basic introduction Chinese name: secondary education mbth: secondary education meaning: continuing to implement education stage on the basis of primary education: general secondary school, secondary professional education level: junior high school, high school, secondary school, secondary vocational school age range: 12- 19 years old ancient related, modern related, European related, modern related, academic system, ancient related, multi-line university, China. 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu), Sheng Xuanhuai founded Shanghai Nanyang Public School and opened an upper middle school (affiliated primary school) in the outer court. China began to have a three-level school-running institution. 1898 The Constitution of Capital University Hall stipulates that university hall, middle school hall and primary school hall should be established, which is the beginning of the official name of middle school in China. The establishment of China's modern secondary education system began in 1902 when Zhang Baixi, the minister of management of the Qing Dynasty, drafted the "Non-Yin School System", which stipulated that secondary schools should graduate in four years with the Ministry of Industry attached. 190465438+1October 13, Qing * * * promulgated the "Regulations on Playing Schools", revised the academic system, and made the middle school study five years. Subjects are divided into self-cultivation, reading and giving lectures on classics, China literature, foreign languages, history, geography, mathematics, natural history, physics and chemistry, and legal system. 19 12 years, in the Republic of China, the middle school was changed to a middle school, and the academic system was changed to four years. The school supervisor changed his name to the principal, abolished Confucian classics and added the fine arts department. 1922 promulgated the educational system reform order, and implemented the "new educational system" (Ren Xu educational system), stipulating that the educational system of middle schools is 6 years, divided into junior high schools and senior high schools, each with 3 years. High school is divided into agriculture, engineering, business, teacher training and other subjects, and the academic system has been used until the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) 1949. Middle schools in European countries originated earlier, and there is little difference between China and ancient Greece. The modern secondary education system originated from the European Renaissance in16th century. /kloc-after the 0/6th century, many countries successively established liberal arts middle schools and other schools./kloc-at the beginning of the 0/8th century, most of them were private practical schools. /kloc-after the 0/9th century, western countries began to run various public middle schools, and normal schools and vocational schools gradually developed. After the founding of modern People's Republic of China (PRC), the Decision of the Government Council of the Central People's Government on the Reform of the Academic System (195 1) stipulates that the institutions that implement secondary education are ordinary secondary schools, amateur secondary schools and various secondary specialized schools. Ordinary middle schools have a schooling system of 6 years, divided into junior high schools and senior high schools, with a schooling system of 3 years each; Secondary specialized schools recruit junior high school graduates for 2-4 years; Implement professional and technical education in industry, agriculture, transportation, technology, health, finance and trade. In addition, set up a secondary normal school with a three-year academic system to train primary school teachers; Set up technical schools to train skilled workers. The Provisional Regulations (Chapter) of Middle School issued by the Ministry of Education (1952) and the Instruction on Improving and Developing Middle School Education issued by the State Council (1954) stipulate the objectives and tasks of middle school education. 1963 promulgated the "Provisional Work Regulations for Full-time Middle Schools (Draft)", which stipulates that the task of middle school education is to cultivate a comprehensive labor reserve force for socialist construction and to train enough qualified freshmen for higher schools. 1978 After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of China, secondary education has been continuously restored and developed, and reforms have been vigorously carried out, such as reforming the curriculum of ordinary high schools, changing some ordinary high schools into vocational and technical schools, vocational middle schools and agricultural middle schools, setting up vocational and technical schools in all walks of life, actively running technical schools and secondary specialized schools, and gradually establishing a secondary education system with different characteristics in urban and rural areas. Full-time general middle school education, including junior high school and senior high school, has a three-year academic system and is divided into three, four, three and two sections. Courses in ordinary middle schools include Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, physical education, music, fine arts, physical health, labor technology and so on. The school rewards outstanding students with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique. Ordinary high schools should gradually add vocational (technical) education courses, and students can choose their own subjects. Secondary specialized schools (including secondary normal schools) are professional education, enrolling junior high school or senior high school graduates, with a school system of 3 -4 years, and mainly cultivating intermediate specialized talents and intermediate management talents. Professional settings include engineering, agriculture, forestry, medicine, health, finance and economics, management, politics and law, art, normal education, sports, tourism and so on. The educational system of secondary professional education originated from the Soviet Union, and it is mainly industrial. From the early 1980s to the early 1990s, when China was in great need of talents, it trained a large number of professional "pillars". Including school fees, bag distribution, grain and oil supply, and monetary subsidies, many of them were born in poverty. Under the background that the admission rate of secondary schools is as low as 10%, they will be transferred to urban hukou as early as possible, waiting for their "iron rice bowl" and cadre status after graduation. At that time, the selection of middle schools was relatively strict, and most of them passed with outstanding intelligence and excellent academic performance, which was the general cognition at that time. Vocational (technical) schools, vocational middle schools, secondary technical schools, agricultural middle schools or work-study middle schools are middle schools that combine general education with vocational and technical education. They recruit junior high school graduates for 2 -3 years, mainly carrying out vocational (technical) education and offering related general culture courses. The task is to train all kinds of urgently needed intermediate skilled workers for cities and rural areas and to train labor reserve forces for the country. Graduates can apply for colleges and universities without state allocation. Candidates who apply for the corresponding major will be given priority if their test scores are within the same number. By the end of 2002, there were 65,600 junior high schools (including 984 vocational middle schools) with 66,874,300 students (including 833,700 vocational middle schools). The gross enrollment rate of junior high school reached 90%, and the enrollment rate of junior high school graduates reached 58.3%. There are 3,467,700 full-time teachers in junior middle schools (including vocational middle schools). There are 33,200 high school education schools (including ordinary high schools, vocational high schools, adult high schools, ordinary secondary schools, adult secondary schools and technical schools) with 29138,500 students. By 2002, there were 16300 ordinary middle schools, adult middle schools, technical schools and vocational high schools in China, with 1 1965200 students. The enrollment and enrollment accounted for 399 1% and 465,438+of the whole senior high school education, respectively.