2. The Book of Learning written by China in the late Spring and Autumn Period is the first educational monograph in the world.
It is about 300 years earlier than quintilian's On the Education of Speakers.
Among them, the main ideas are "learning without limping" and "practicing without stepping on the tomb festival" (reflecting the principle of gradual education); "Tao leads, strength leads, restraint leads, and openness leads" (reflecting the inspiring teaching principle); "Teaching and learning learn from each other" (embodies the teaching law that the leading role of teachers and the main role of students are unified.
3. The Great Teaching Theory by Comenius of Czech Republic (1632) is the first educational monograph in modern times.
He put forward the class teaching system.
4. Dewey's humanism and education in the United States emphasizes "children's center", puts forward the method of "running middle school" and establishes "modern education school".
5. Teaching and Development, written by zankov of the Soviet Union, takes the "all-round development" of students as the starting point and attribution of education.
6. The main idea of Bloom's "educational process" in the United States is structuralism and discovery teaching methods.
7. Advice to Teachers and Dedicating the Whole Heart to Children Su Su and Holinsky, whose works are called encyclopedias of living pedagogy and school life.
8. The concept of education: broadly speaking, it refers to social education, school education and family education; School education in a narrow sense refers to ideological and moral education.
9. The social attributes of education are eternity, historicity and relative independence.
10. The teaching contents of schools in feudal society in China mainly include: Four Books (University, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, 0755-79000); Five Classics (Poetry, Book, Rite, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period).
Implemented Confucianism.
1 1. Genetic quality plays a decisive role in human physical and mental development, and social environment plays a decisive role in human development.
But environmental determinism is wrong again. Because the influence of the environment is not passive, but an active practice process.
12, the dual task of ordinary middle schools in China is to cultivate labor reserve forces in all walks of life; Send qualified freshmen to higher education institutions.
13. The components of quality education in China are moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor technology education.
14, "double basics" refers to the basic scientific and cultural knowledge and skills of the system.
One of the tasks of intellectual education is to develop students' intelligence, including observation, imagination, thinking, memory and attention, in which thinking is the decisive factor.
16, the fundamental task of physical education is to enhance students' physique.
Cai Yuanpei first put forward aesthetic education in 19 12, and advocated "replacing aesthetic education with religion".
18, the task of aesthetic education (1) is to enable students to have a correct aesthetic view and the knowledge and ability to feel and appreciate beauty; 2) Cultivate students' ability to express and create beauty; 3) Cultivate students' spiritual beauty and behavioral beauty.
19. The task of labor technology education: (1) Cultivate students' labor outlook and develop correct labor attitudes and habits; 2) Educate students to master basic production knowledge and labor skills.
20. Compulsory education is a national education that all school-age children and adolescents must receive according to law and must be guaranteed by the state, society and families.
Compulsory education is compulsory.
2 1. Teachers are organizers and leaders of educational activities and play a leading role in the educational process.
22. Teaching and educating people is the basic task of teachers.
23. Characteristics of teachers' labor: (1) Complexity and creativity; 2) Time continuity and spatial breadth extensibility; 3) long-term and indirect; 4) Subjectivity and demonstration.
24. Teachers' quality: professional ethics, knowledge and ability.
25. Students are the object of education, the subject of self-education and development, and the developing people.
26. The characteristics of the new teacher-student relationship in China are: (1) respecting teachers and loving students; (2) Democracy and equality; (3) Long-term education.
Fundamentally speaking, the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship depends on the teaching level of teachers.
27. Education is a bilateral activity composed of teachers and students to spread and master social experience.
28. Education is the basic way to achieve educational goals.
Education is always education.
Education is the central work of the school, and the school work must adhere to the principle of giving priority to education and making overall arrangements.
29. The teaching process is a process of teaching information feedback and bilateral activities between teachers and students. In teaching, teachers play a leading role and students play a main role.
The leading role of teachers is not to assume the role of substitutes.
30. Curriculum is the core of school education and the blueprint for schools to cultivate future talents.
3 1. Principles to be followed in the compilation of subject curriculum standards and teaching materials: unity of ideological and scientific nature: integration of theory with practice; The combination of stability and times: the combination of systematicness and acceptability.
32. Knowledge is not equal to intelligence, and how much knowledge is mastered does not indicate the level of intellectual development.
In the process of teaching, it is wrong to combine mastering knowledge with developing intelligence, and only attach importance to formal education theory (Locke, England) and substantive education theory (Spencer, England).
33. Herbart put forward the law of the unity of knowledge imparting and ideological and moral education.
34. The basic stage of the teaching process: (1) learning motivation; ) the perception of teaching materials and the formation of representations; (3) Understanding teaching materials and forming concepts are the central links; (4) strengthening knowledge; (5) Form skills with knowledge.
35. Main teaching principles: (1) Scientific and educational.
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