Historically, there are four types of equality views in the west, namely, substantive equality, opportunity equality, condition equality and result equality. The emergence of four kinds of equality views in turn reflects the deepening and development of western understanding and research on equality and fairness. The early stage is based on equality in religious significance and moral value, that is, justice is equality and average distribution is fairness. This is the absolute equality thought of "everyone is equal before God". As early as the 30th century BC in ancient Egypt, people called Osiris, the god in charge of crops, the god of justice, and judged people's sins by whether they were diligent in farming crops before their death. Fairness is based on labor and rises to the highest standard of judging social life and human virtue. With the development of economy and the improvement of productivity, some western economists and liberals began to pay attention to the equality of income and wealth and the measurement of personal welfare. Hayek pointed out in the book "Free System" that fair distribution should be unequal distribution, and individual ability is inherently unequal, so it is fair to provide equal opportunities to those who have the ability. As long as it is caused by the difference of individual ability rather than the difference of opportunity, such inequality is acceptable, which is the proposal of equal opportunity. However, some sociologists have found that an individual's success is determined by his educational level. Due to the influence of family and inheritance, the descendants of the rich can receive better education and have more opportunities to succeed. This natural inequality has formed an obstacle to the establishment of equal opportunity, so western scholars put forward the view of equal conditions, requiring competitors to participate in the competition on the same starting line, which is considered fair. However, there are still problems. Because of the unequal inheritance, the descendants of the rich are more likely to succeed. Before the law and in political elections, the rich have an advantage over the poor. The reality is that the gap between the rich and the poor is getting bigger and bigger. Some social Democrats also suggested that the state should take necessary measures to ensure equal results, that is, increase the competitiveness of vulnerable groups through political means, taxation and welfare systems. Western new welfare economics also advocates that the status of poor members of society can be improved through national macro-policy and tax adjustment, and the social welfare function can be maximized, thus establishing a fair standard.