I. Objectives
Health education is an education with the core content of imparting health knowledge, establishing healthy behaviors and improving the environment. Primary and secondary schools focus on children and adolescents in the process of growth and development, and carry out appropriate and timely health education. The overall objectives are:
1, improve children's health knowledge, understand the value and significance of health, and improve children's awareness of self-care and disease prevention.
2. Make children and adolescents gradually establish and form healthy behaviors and consciously choose healthy lifestyles, thus promoting physical and mental health and improving the quality of life.
Second, the requirements
1, so that children and adolescents can master certain health knowledge and understand the relationship and influence of personal hygiene habits, nutrition, physical exercise, disease prevention and health care, environmental sanitation, mental health, safety measures and other factors on individual health. Gradually and consciously form a healthy concept of being responsible for your own health.
2. Cultivate good health habits and healthy mental state of children and adolescents, correctly understand the characteristics and influencing factors of physical and mental changes in different stages of their growth and development, especially adolescence, change bad behaviors, establish healthy behaviors, improve the environment, and promote physical and mental health development.
Third, the scope of application
This basic requirement is to set up health education classes in full-time six-year primary schools 1-6 or five-year primary schools 1-5 and ordinary middle schools 1-3 according to the requirements of the Nine-year Compulsory Education Teaching Plan (Trial Draft) and health education (including adolescent education) formulated by the State Education Commission. At present, primary and secondary schools in provinces, prefectures and cities with teachers' qualifications are required to offer at least one class hour of health education every week, but primary and secondary schools without teachers' qualifications are encouraged to gradually transition from irregular health education lectures to regular health education classes.
Fourth, the content
The content of health education is divided into primary school health education plan and secondary school health education plan according to the different age stages of primary school and secondary school.
From the overall content, according to the physiological and psychological characteristics of the educated, it is divided into eight parts:
Primary school stage;
The first part: The main anatomy and physiological knowledge of human body.
Part II: Personal Hygiene Habits and Health
Part III: Rational Nutrition and Health
Part IV: Environmental Sanitation and Health
Part V: Physical Education and Health
Part VI: Prevention of common diseases (including common endemic diseases).
Part VII: Safety and prevention of accidental injuries.
Part VIII: Mental Health
When arranging the contents of health education in primary and secondary schools, we should not only reflect the overall contents of health education in each stage on the basis of the requirements of the outline of health education in each stage, but also refer to the principles of pedagogy and reflect the basic principles of "from shallow to deep, step by step and students' participation". Outline of health education for primary school students
The first part is about human anatomy and physiology.
1. Understand the functions of human head, neck, chest, abdomen, limbs and other parts from the external morphology of human body, and understand the basic functions of eyes, ears, mouth and nose.
2, a preliminary understanding of the location and basic physiological functions of the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain and other major organs. Know the basic knowledge of how to care for these organs.
3. Learn the correct measurement methods of height, weight and pulse, and understand the significance of measurement.
4. The characteristics of adolescent physiological changes in the senior grades of primary schools (grades 5 and 6) and some possible problems (menstrual cramps for girls, breast development, voice change for boys, etc.). ) make appropriate supplements.
Part II Personal Hygiene Habits and Health
1, personal hygiene: wash your hands before and after meals, take a bath frequently, change clothes frequently, cut your nails frequently, wash your face in the morning and evening, wash your feet before going to bed, and do not share towels and cups with others; No smoking, no smoking sign, smoking is harmful to health; Live regularly, get enough sleep, take a nap and combine work and rest.
2, oral hygiene: brush your teeth in the morning and evening, the correct way to brush your teeth, how to choose a toothbrush and toothpaste.
3, eye hygiene: protect your eyes, prevent myopia, how to do eye exercises, develop correct reading and writing posture, pay attention to the hygiene of watching TV.
4. Sit, stand and walk correctly, and pay attention to the beauty of the instrument.
Part III Rational Nutrition and Health
1, get a preliminary understanding of seven nutrients needed by human body-protein, fat, carbohydrates, inorganic salts and trace elements, vitamins, cellulose and water.
2. Food is the main source of various nutrients.
3, the basic requirements of reasonable nutrition, the importance of good eating habits, not partial eclipse, not picky eaters, eating regularly and quantitatively, the harm of overeating, the necessity of eating breakfast, and eating less snacks.
4, to prevent food poisoning, do not eat spoiled food.
5, eat raw fruits and vegetables to wash, do not eat unclean food, to prevent illness from entering the mouth.
6, water and life: pay attention to drinking water hygiene, do not drink raw water.
Part IV Environmental Sanitation and Health
1. Three elements of health: sunshine, air and water.
2, the importance of maintaining environmental sanitation, environmental pollution (waste water, waste gas, waste, noise).
3. Protect and beautify the environment, and care for beneficial insects, birds and flowers.
4, create a good learning environment, classrooms, family rooms to lighting and ventilation.
5, consciously safeguard public health, no littering, no spitting, no smoking in public places, pay attention to public health.
6. Eliminate mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, bugs and mice.
Part V Sports and Health
1, physical exercise is good for health, make full use of sunshine, air and water, exercise, and insist on doing radio exercises.
2, the benefits of outdoor activities, the role and methods of recess activities.
3, work and rest, how to arrange a day of study, exercise and rest, how to spend the holiday.
Part VI Prevention of Common Diseases
1. General transmission routes of respiratory and digestive tract infectious diseases and how to prevent these infectious diseases.
2. The significance of planned immunization and the preventive injection that primary schools should complete.
3. Prevention of common diseases in primary schools: trachoma, myopia, dental caries, abnormal curvature of spine, nutritional iron deficiency anemia and obesity.
4. Prevention of common intestinal parasitic diseases: roundworm, pinworm, hookworm and whipworm.
5. Prevention of common intestinal infectious diseases: hepatitis and bacillary dysentery.
6. Prevention of common respiratory infectious diseases: influenza.
7, according to the specific situation around, to determine the prevention of some common endemic diseases. Such as schistosomiasis, endemic goiter, fluorosis, Keshan disease and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. And prevent scabies, head lice, frostbite and heatstroke.
Part VII Safety and Prevention of Accidents and Injuries
1, traffic safety: identify traffic signs and obey traffic rules.
2. Safety in games and sports: Do not play dangerous games, pay attention to safety when setting off firecrackers, dress code in physical education class, do warm-up activities before sports, pay attention to safety when swimming, and prevent drowning.
3, labor health and safety, to prevent industrial accidents.
4, to prevent electric shock, burns, gas poisoning, tracheal foreign body.
5. Simple treatment of general trauma: hemostasis and dressing. In case of accidental injury, please seek medical attention.
Part VIII Mental Health
1. People's health includes physical and psychological parts, and mental health is beneficial to physical health.
2. Maintain mental health and good mood, get along with parents, peers and teachers, do your own thing well and cultivate the ability to live independently.
3. Unite and help each other, respect others and treat physically disabled companions correctly.
Health education course: In order to make students better understand and master textbook knowledge, schools can adopt the methods that students like to teach according to the development level and characteristics of students of different ages. Primary school students in lower grades have short duration of active attention and poor internal inhibition, so schools can visualize it by means of pictures, slides, stories and children's songs. Senior primary school students have expanded their activities and broadened their horizons. They like to ask all kinds of questions. Schools can collect questions and answer them one by one. You can also introduce some health science books to students to satisfy their thirst for knowledge; Middle school students are willing to learn and be good at thinking. Schools can increase classroom discussions and other forms to help them explore issues related to healthy growth more widely. College students have strong logical thinking ability, and schools can give in-depth health education guidance in the form of special lectures in combination with students' needs. In addition, while carrying out classroom teaching, schools can coordinate health education with related disciplines such as nature, physical education, ideology and morality as a powerful supplement to a single teaching method to improve the effect of health education.
2. Health education activities: In order to deepen students' impression of health education classes and promote the learning effect, schools can organize colorful health education activities, so that students can subtly receive all kinds of health care knowledge in pleasant activities, develop healthy behaviors and correct lifestyles, and improve the awareness of self-help and mutual aid and the effect of self-education. For example, organize class meetings, league meetings, knowledge contests, handwritten newspapers and summer camps with health as the theme.
3. Health education consultation: Mental health education is an important part of school health education. Through health education consultation and other activities, students are given targeted mental health education, such as how to get along with classmates, how to treat collective life, how to treat elders and how to make friends. According to the characteristics of middle school students' rapid development of independent intention, increased frequency of social communication, vigorous physical development and sensitivity to emotional problems, targeted education is carried out on how to deal with teacher-student relationship, heterosexual peer relationship, how to distinguish right from wrong, how to strengthen the ability to restrain bad behavior and how to establish a positive outlook on life. Combining collective education with individual counseling, patiently listening to students' voices and answering their concerns can cultivate students' healthy psychology and sound personality and learn the correct way of thinking.
In short, only by taking health education as the central link of school health care work, putting health education on the agenda, raising awareness, strengthening leadership, perfecting the network and clarifying responsibilities, can school health education work be truly implemented.
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