First, the concept of moral education

(A) the meaning of moral education

Moral education in a broad sense refers to all activities that have a purposeful and planned impact on social members politically, ideologically and morally, including social moral education, community moral education, school moral education and family moral education. Moral education in a narrow sense refers to moral education in schools. School moral education refers to an educational activity in which educators exert ideological, political and moral influence on the educated purposefully, systematically and according to the requirements of a certain society or class and the laws and needs of the formation and development of the educated's moral character, and form the moral character needed by a certain society or class through the active understanding, experience and practice of the educated, that is, educators cultivate the educated's moral character purposefully.

(B) the nature of moral education

Moral education is social, a social and educational phenomenon shared by all societies, and always keeps pace with human society; Moral education is historic and changes with the development of society. In a society where classes and nationalities exist, moral education has classes and nationalities; Moral education is inherited, and its principles, principles, contents and methods have certain commonalities in its historical development.

Second, the significance of moral education

(A) moral education is an important condition and guarantee for socialist modernization.

Moral education is an important part of the construction of spiritual civilization, and it also runs through the construction of material civilization and political civilization. Socialist school is a necessary place to train socialist builders and successors and an important position to build socialist spiritual civilization.

(2) Moral education is the condition and guarantee for children's healthy growth.

Due to lack of knowledge and experience, young students have poor ability to distinguish right from wrong and are easily influenced by various ideas. Therefore, we must educate them with correct ideas and methods, enhance their ability to resist the influence of wrong ideas and promote their healthy growth.

(3) Moral education is the foundation and guarantee to realize the educational goal of our country.

The purpose of socialist education is to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Promoting children's moral development through moral education can provide guarantee and motivation for their physical and mental development.

Third, the goal of moral education

(A) the concept of moral education objectives

The goal of moral education is the overall normative requirement of educational goal in the ideological and moral aspects of the educated, that is, the quality standard of the expected goal or result to be achieved by moral education activities. The goal of moral education is the starting point of moral education, which not only determines the content, form and method of moral education, but also restricts the basic process of moral education.

(B) the basis for establishing the goal of moral education

To make the goal of moral education scientific and feasible, we must establish it on an objective and scientific basis. Generally speaking, the establishment of moral education goals is mainly based on the following four aspects:

1. Formation, development and psychological characteristics of teenagers' ideology and morality;

2. National education policies and objectives;

3. National culture and moral tradition;

4. The needs of the times and social development.

(C) the goal of moral education in primary and secondary schools in China

1. Training objectives of moral education in primary schools

(1) Cultivate students' correct political orientation and initially form a scientific world outlook and communist moral consciousness.

Pupils lack knowledge and experience, and their ability to distinguish right from wrong is weak. They are in the stage of political enlightenment. Schools should educate children in various forms to gradually understand the importance of adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles, persisting in reform and opening up, and building a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist modern country, and cultivate their feelings of loving the motherland, people, labor, science and socialism.

(2) Cultivate students' good moral awareness and behavior habits.

Primary school is a critical period for students to develop their behavior habits, and primary school students are highly plastic. Therefore, the focus of moral education in primary schools is to cultivate students' good moral behavior habits. Teachers should seize this critical period, strive to improve students' moral awareness and cultivate students' good study habits, hygiene habits and work habits.

(3) Cultivate students' moral thinking and moral evaluation ability.

To cultivate students' moral thinking ability is to gradually develop children's ability to understand morality, so that they can make a preliminary analysis and reflection on the moral phenomena they encounter and correct their behavior on this basis. Cultivating students' moral evaluation ability is to develop students' ability to resist all kinds of immoral and behavioral pollution and erosion with correct moral principles and methods on the basis of understanding, so that they can gradually learn to live a moral life in a complex society and become truly moral people.

(4) Cultivate students' self-education ability.

The formation of children's ideological and moral character is realized through education and self-education. Cultivating self-education ability is the ability to guide children to consciously improve their moral understanding and conduct behavior training according to the moral requirements of our society, which is also the ability of children to educate themselves.

2. The requirements of junior high school moral education objectives

(1) Basic ideological and political requirements

Love the motherland, love hometown and care about hometown construction; Have national pride and self-esteem; Understand the main contents of the basic line in the primary stage of socialism and the common sense of socialist modernization; Initially, it has the ideas and concepts of cherishing time, keeping promises, attaching importance to quality, stressing efficiency and providing excellent service that are suitable for the development of socialist commodity economy; Have basic concepts of democracy and legal system, and know the law and abide by it; Determined to study for realizing the four modernizations and rejuvenating China, treat further study and employment correctly, and initially establish the idea of serving the people; Believe in science and oppose feudal superstitions and old customs.

(2) the basic requirements of moral behavior

Respect and care for others, love and help others; Love the class and school collective, cherish the collective honor; Actively participate in labor, initially develop labor habits and self-care ability; Develop a good quality of consciously observing social morality.

(3) Basic requirements of individual psychological quality and ability.

Cultivate the quality of honesty, integrity, self-esteem and self-improvement, and have the initial ability to distinguish right from wrong.

Fourth, the task of moral education.

(A) to cultivate students to establish a firm and correct political direction

Moral education in schools should educate students to love the motherland, the people and China, support the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism, initially establish the idea of serving the people, and establish the ideal and ambition to strive for building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. At present, it is especially necessary to strengthen civic education, enhance students' civic awareness and improve their sense of social responsibility.

(B) guide students to gradually establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life.

The formation of scientific world outlook and outlook on life is a long and arduous exercise process, and moral education has laid a certain foundation for this. School moral education should educate students with the basic viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism and the preliminary scientific thinking method, so that students can gradually form a collectivism-oriented outlook on life and values, and develop a scientific attitude and style of seeking truth from facts.

(c) Gradually equip students with basic socialist moral qualities and concepts of law and discipline, and develop civilized behavior habits.

Cultivate students' social morality of loving the motherland, people, labor, science and socialism; Have good moral character and civilized habits such as diligent study, love of labor, caring for the collective and being ready to help others. At the same time, modern society is a society ruled by law, so school moral education must cultivate the legal concept of the educated, make them understand, abide by and protect the law, and consciously use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

(D) to cultivate students' moral ability and good moral and psychological quality.

Moral ability refers to a person's ability to successfully complete moral activities, which mainly includes moral cognitive ability, emotional ability, practical ability and self-education ability. Moral psychology is generally composed of knowledge, emotion, will and behavior. School moral education should focus on cultivating students' moral and psychological factors, promoting their all-round, harmonious and healthy development, and at the same time cultivating students' moral thinking, judgment, evaluation ability, self-management and education ability.