2. Mastering knowledge and developing intelligence are unified.

3. Unity of knowledge, emotion and meaning in the teaching process.

4. Teachers' leading role is combined with students' initiative.

Teaching process refers to the change of the activity state and time flow of teachers and students jointly realizing teaching tasks. It includes two interdependent aspects: teaching and learning. The internal development motivation is the contradiction between the teaching tasks put forward by teachers and the needs and actual level of students to complete these tasks.

China ancient educators put forward "learning, asking, thinking, distinguishing and doing" (the golden mean), which is the earliest summary of the learning process.

The basic stage for students to master knowledge.

Stimulate curiosity: teaching should start with inducing and arousing curiosity and psychological preparation for learning; Knowing and not knowing are contradictory, and there is an internal motivation to seek knowledge.

Perception textbook: If students have the necessary perceptual knowledge and form a clear representation, it is easier to understand book knowledge.

Understanding teaching materials is the central link of teaching.

Consolidate knowledge: Only by remembering the basic knowledge learned on the basis of understanding can we absorb new knowledge smoothly and use existing knowledge freely. Develop students' memory.

Application of knowledge: pay attention to the application of knowledge and cultivate students' skills.

Check knowledge, skills and skills: It is very necessary to cultivate students' ability and habit to check what they have learned in time.

Problems needing attention when using: flexible use according to specific conditions; Pay attention to the internal relationship between stages; The role of each stage is an indispensable factor in the whole teaching process.