The Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan further regards "balanced development" as "the strategic task of compulsory education". The understanding of the balanced development policies and strategies of compulsory education in China can be divided into the following aspects:
First of all, put forward a clear idea and roadmap:
The planning outline puts forward the general idea of balanced development of compulsory education, that is, promoting the standardization construction of compulsory education schools, establishing and improving the guarantee mechanism for balanced development of compulsory education, and balancing the allocation of resources such as teachers, equipment, books and school buildings.
On the promotion route, efforts should be made to narrow the gap between schools, urban and rural areas and regions, and push on the third line. In 20 12 years, the compulsory education area will be initially balanced, and in 2020, the basic regional balance will be achieved. Take the lead in achieving balanced development within the county (district) and gradually promote it to a wider and deeper level.
The second is to formulate the financial system guarantee:
Clarify the responsibilities of administrative power and financial power, establish a standardized financial transfer payment system, and strive to narrow the regional gap. Since 2006, the state has gradually brought rural compulsory education into the scope of public financial guarantee, and established a rural compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism that is divided into projects and shared by the central and local governments in proportion. According to the principle of the unification of administrative power and financial power, the central and local governments at all levels have the financial responsibility to develop compulsory education, including the central and local finances arranged according to the national tax sharing system, which is a major change in the input system of "graded burden" compulsory education.
Third, the reform of the public service system:
For a long time in the past, China implemented a public service system that was biased towards cities. Since 2006, China has clearly put forward the policy goal of "improving the public finance system and gradually realizing the equalization of basic public services", and regards promoting the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas and realizing the integration of urban and rural development as the political decision of the party and the state and as the priority option of public policy goals. The "Planning Outline" requires "to formulate and gradually improve the basic standards of per capita funding and per capita financial allocation for schools of all levels and types in the region", and the standards here are not divided into urban and rural areas. In addition, the text of the "Planning Outline" also proposes to gradually implement the unified standards for urban and rural primary and secondary schools, which reflects the requirements of urban and rural equalization.
Fourth, the basic strategies to promote balanced development:
In coordinating the development of compulsory education schools, we will promote the standardization of compulsory education schools, establish a standardized exchange and flow system between teachers and principals in the region, and effectively narrow the educational gap between schools and even between urban and rural areas.
1. The basis of balanced development of compulsory education is school balance. On the basis of continuing to emphasize speeding up the transformation of weak schools, the Outline of Planning puts forward the implementation of the standardization construction project of compulsory education schools, which is an important institutional innovation and has fundamental significance for promoting the standardization construction of school conditions of compulsory education schools. (Zhejiang province nine-year compulsory education school standardization construction project, Guangdong province to carry out the "thousand schools to help thousands of schools" activities, Hangzhou to implement the "elite school group" school. Are very successful examples. )
2. The key to school balance is teacher balance. Teachers are the first resource of schools, and the allocation of teachers' resources (including the allocation of school principals and managers) has become an important key indicator for the balanced development of compulsory education. To this end, the main text of the "Planning Outline" proposes to implement the exchange system between teachers and principals within the county (district). All relevant functional departments should make specific plans for the exchange and rotation of teachers in the region. Since 2006, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province has implemented teacher exchange rotation in the form of "one person moves". In February, 2065438+00, Jiangsu Province began to consider the legalization of compulsory education teachers' mobility. )
3. School balance should be balanced with students. Reasonable allocation of enrollment places of high-quality ordinary high schools and high-quality secondary vocational schools to junior high schools in the region will achieve the policy effect of regulating the distribution of junior high school students. (xinzheng city's reform of "allocating places in junior high schools and distributing students equally in senior high schools" from 65438 to 0997 is one of the successful examples, which is called "Xinzheng model". )
4. The key to teacher balance is salary standardization. Whether compulsory education can be balanced depends on teachers, whether teachers can be balanced depends on mobility, and whether teachers' mobility can be realized depends on the reform of teachers' income distribution system. Teachers' salaries can be different according to their grades and performance, but they should not be different according to their schools, so as to continuously improve quality, promote fairness and promote the balanced development of compulsory education. Since June 65438+1 October1in 2009, China's compulsory education schools have started to implement the performance-based salary system, which fundamentally changed the previous structural salary system in which the unit is encouraged rather than the performance-based incentive. Its successful implementation will lay an important foundation for the balanced allocation of teachers' resources and the balanced development of compulsory education.