1 Life

Clearly put forward the idea of building pedagogy into an independent discipline.

General pedagogy marks that pedagogy has become an independent discipline.

An Outline of Pedagogy "Father of Modern Pedagogy"

2. Theoretical basis of educational thought.

Herbart ethics

Five kinds of morality: inner freedom (inner judgment), perfection (coordinated development of inner knowledge), kindness, justice (self-denial and law-abiding), fairness and reward (legal sanctions)

Herbart psychology

The condition of comprehension is interest.

New stimulus+existing ideas in consciousness valve = apperception group

3. Moral education theory

Purpose of education

"Possible purpose": the purpose related to the career that children may engage in in in the future, and develop various interests;

Make people's potential develop harmoniously.

"Necessary purpose": the highest and most basic purpose of education, that is, morality: inner freedom, perfection, kindness, justice, fairness and return.

② Principles of education and teaching

Significance: Education can only produce real results through teaching, and teaching is the basic way of moral education.

First of all, the purpose of teaching should be consistent with the highest purpose of moral education, that is, to cultivate virtue; Secondly, in order to achieve this goal, we should set a near goal, that is, to cultivate students' various interests.

③ Moral education: discipline and children's management.

Herbart believes that there is a certain order in the educational process, namely, children's management, teaching and discipline.

The purpose of child management is to let children form the concept of order, prevent the appearance of evil deeds, and thus better teach and discipline.

The purpose of education is to cultivate virtue, moral judgment, moral enthusiasm, moral choice and moral self-control.

4. Curriculum theory

① Experience, interests and courses

The choice of course content must conform to children's experience and interests.

(1) Children's life experience is the basis of teaching, but the relationship between new stimuli and old ideas cannot be well established in childhood, so teachers should guide students.

(2) Interest exists in experience, and what children learn must be based on their experience in order to stimulate their interest in learning.

(3) Interest can be divided into two categories, namely experience interest and sympathy interest. Interest in experience includes interest in experience, interest in speculation and interest in aesthetics. Compassionate interests include sympathetic interests, social interests and religious interests.

② apperception and curriculum

Meaning:

Principles: Relevance and Concentration

Relevance: The arrangement of different courses in the school should influence and contact each other.

Concentration: Students should choose one subject as the most important learning center and other subjects as the means of learning and understanding.

③ Development and curriculum

The theory of cultural times is the foundation of children and the choice of curriculum latitude design.

5. Teaching theory

① Teaching process theory

There are three links in the formation of apperception group: sensory stimulation, the analysis and combination of old and new concepts, and the formation of apperception group.

Simple prompt teaching

Analytical teaching

Comprehensive teaching

② Stage theory of teaching form.

Concentrate: study only one thing at a time and ignore other things.

Deliberation: unifying one "concentrated" activity after another.

6. The spread of Herbart's educational thought and morality.