Language is a unique way of human communication, which reflects the highly evolved mental ability of human beings at the biological or psychological level and the progress of human civilization at the social and cultural level. Linguistics is the core instinctive language ability to study human beings. Through the analysis and research of spoken language, written language and even sign language, we can understand the essence of human beings.
Linguistic research not only understands the essence of human language, but also has many application values. In language education, compiling dictionaries, grammar books and textbooks will help people learn the language through their understanding of the language itself, which will also help improve their ability to cope with the difficulties and mistakes encountered in language learning. In the translation of different languages, linguistic theory has more specific guidance for translation and interpretation, and it is also helpful to use science and technology for machine translation.
Classification of linguistics: Linguistics can be divided into theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics. Generally speaking, linguistics mainly refers to theoretical linguistics. According to different research objects, theoretical linguistics can be divided into general linguistics and specialized linguistics (specific linguistics).
General linguistics takes all human languages as the research object and explores the common laws of human languages. It is based on specific linguistics and is divided into general phonetics, general grammar and general lexicology. Idiom linguistics focuses on individuals and specific languages. Explore the laws of learning a language.
From the perspective of static research or language history research, it can be divided into diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics: diachronic linguistics studies the development history of a specific language, which is a longitudinal study, such as the study of Chinese history.
Synchronic linguistics studies the state (relatively static) and laws of a specific language in a certain era and describes it objectively, which is a horizontal research. For example, descriptive linguistics is divided into descriptive phonetics, descriptive lexicology and descriptive grammar, and modern Chinese is synchronic linguistics. The difference between linguistics and philology: the biggest difference is that language is the carrier of culture, and linguistics is the subject of studying human language.
Language is not only the carrier of culture, but also an important part of culture. China has a long history of traditional culture, which is composed of the cultures of more than 50 nationalities including Han, Zhuang and Hui. In the long historical evolution, the traditional culture of China has gradually formed a magnificent posture and a beautiful trend of diversity.
Linguistics is a subject that takes human language as the research object, and its exploration scope includes the nature, function, structure, application and historical development of language, as well as other language-related issues. Linguistics is usually defined as the scientific and systematic theoretical study of language. Language is the most important communication tool for human beings and the direct reality of thought.