Why should we develop inclusive kindergartens? What are the difficulties in the process of "generalization" of private parks? How to achieve 80% coverage of Pratt & Whitney Park? How to solve the teacher's dilemma? How to strengthen the supervision of private parks? Around these issues, the reporter interviewed CPPCC members who participated in the two sessions of the National People's Congress.
Policy support, replacing compensation with awards, and incorporating them into supervision and supervision-
Accelerate the development of inclusive kindergartens.
What is an inclusive kindergarten? Ada, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor at Beijing Normal University, believes that convenience, affordability and high quality are the three basic characteristics. At present, China's inclusive preschool education resources are generally insufficient, and some areas are even seriously inadequate. There are even fewer inclusive preschool education resources that can meet these three basic characteristics.
"On the one hand, the people's growing demand for inclusive preschool education resources, on the other hand, the scarcity of such resources has formed a very unbalanced relationship between supply and demand. The difficulty of entering the park in various places is mainly the difficulty of entering the park in public kindergartens. This contradiction between supply and demand shows that inclusive kindergartens in China are far from being done well. " Liu Wei said.
According to the data of the Ministry of Education, there were 240,000 kindergartens in China in 2065, with 4.38+0.39 million children, including private kindergartens154,200. However, some research institutions predict that in 20 19, affected by the "two-child policy", nearly 6 million school-age children will be added in the pre-school education stage, and the number will increase year by year. It is estimated that by 202 1, there will be a kindergarten gap of nearly 1 10000.
Ni Minjing, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, said that the current proportion of public parks is low, and there is great pressure to achieve the goal of 80% inclusive kindergarten construction.
According to Liu Ru, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, secretary of the Party branch and director of Beijing Beihai Kindergarten, at present, with the strong support of governments at all levels, the number of public parks is increasing year by year, and the quality of education is relatively guaranteed, but it still cannot meet the needs of people's children. However, as an important force in developing inclusive kindergartens, there are many difficulties and obstacles in private kindergartens.
"Compilation and funding are two major problems in developing inclusive private parks." Liu Ru explained that it takes cost to run a private park. If the charge standard of public parks is lowered, the salary of personnel and the funds for running parks are all problems.
"However, in the current situation that the number of public parks is insufficient to meet the growing needs of the people, it is the only way to vigorously support the development of inclusive private kindergartens." Liu Ru believes that preschool education is not only an education issue, but also a livelihood issue, which needs the support of the state in terms of policies, financial resources and material resources. Liu Ru said that in fact, governments at all levels have great determination to support the development of private parks, and some provinces and cities have given financial support to inclusive private parks in the form of awards instead of subsidies. At the same time, bringing private parks into the government supervision and supervision system has greatly improved the speed of improving the quality of private parks. However, the development of private kindergartens in the future should be hierarchical, meet the needs of parents at different levels, and let different types of kindergartens have a way out.
Increase personnel, strengthen training and improve treatment-
Building a contingent of high-quality kindergarten teachers
June, 5438+this year 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers' Team Construction in the New Era specifically proposed to "comprehensively improve the quality of kindergarten teachers and build a high-quality and caring teaching team".
"A kindergarten teacher should not only take care of children's lives, but also cultivate and educate children, cultivate their good behavior habits and qualities, and lay a good foundation for their lifelong development. This requires kindergarten teachers to be caring, patient, responsible, educated and wise, and to be proficient in various martial arts. " Liu Ru said.
In reality, the survey in Ada found that kindergarten teachers have long been regarded as "nannies" with children, and their professionalism has not been respected and recognized by the society. Kindergarten teachers generally have low wages and lack the social attraction of their careers. "Without a team of high-quality kindergarten teachers who are good at protecting education, how can we run a preschool education that the people are satisfied with?" Liu Wei said.
In this regard, Ada submitted the proposal of "respecting and recognizing the professionalism of kindergarten teachers' work and effectively improving the treatment of kindergarten teachers" this year. In view of the serious shortage of teachers in public kindergartens and the widespread problem of "large class size", Ada suggested that the "Staffing Standards for Public Kindergartens" be issued as soon as possible from the national level to ensure the construction of teachers in public kindergartens from the institutional level.
In addition, she also observed that at present, in order to solve the problem of teachers in public kindergartens, many local governments supplement teachers through public welfare posts, labor dispatch, temporary employment, etc., which has the problem of different pay for equal work, and the stability of teachers is poor, which affects the quality and level of teaching guarantee. "Without the establishment, the government should take the principle of' equal pay for equal work' and supplement teachers by purchasing' posts' according to the treatment of teachers in the establishment to ensure that teachers can' get in and stay'." Liu Wei said.
For private kindergarten teachers, Liu Ru suggested giving private kindergarten teachers the same training opportunities and taking training as an important welfare.
Facing the shortage of preschool teachers, Ni Minjing suggested two steps. "On the one hand, accelerate the training of pre-school education talents with college education or above to meet the future normalization needs. At the same time, in view of the upcoming peak of entering the park, we should learn from the past model of running kindergarten teachers in areas where kindergarten teachers are particularly scarce, and train kindergarten teachers at the starting point of high school. This short-term training can solve the urgent needs of kindergarten teachers. " Ni Yujing said.
Form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management-
Strengthen the supervision of private parks
At present, some kindergartens are poor in running schools, unreasonable in fees and primary schools, which have become a strong problem reflected by the people. How to ensure the healthy development of preschool education by strengthening supervision?
According to Zhu Yongxin, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, it is difficult to rely solely on government supervision, and it is necessary to form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management.
"At present, the management of preschool education in the world is mainly based on industry management, and industry associations set industry standards to price and evaluate kindergartens at different levels." Zhu Yongxin said.
Ni Minjing introduced that the Shanghai Kindergarten Association has played a great role in the supervision of preschool education. "At every stage, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission will entrust kindergarten associations and education evaluation institutions to conduct rolling evaluation and acceptance of kindergartens within the city, check and accept kindergartens' courses, facilities and teachers, and establish a quality assurance mechanism. If problems are found, a rectification list will be listed, and those that are not in place will be downgraded or even ordered to quit. " Ni Yujing said.
20 18 The main points of the Ministry of Education put forward that the quality of education guarantee should be improved, the quality evaluation system should be improved, the Measures for the Supervision and Evaluation of Running a Park should be implemented, and the normal monitoring mechanism of running a park should be established to ensure that kindergartens run a park according to the law and regulations.
In this regard, Zhu Xiaojin, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Nanjing Normal University, believes that inclusive private kindergartens can be supported to improve the quality of running schools by sending public teachers, training teachers and teaching and research guidance. At the same time, strengthen the quality supervision of private kindergartens, take the number of inclusive degrees and the quality of running kindergartens as the basis for reward and support, and rectify kindergartens that fail to meet the requirements within a time limit.
"The most fundamental thing is to speed up the legislation of preschool education." Ni Minjing believes that preschool education has no legal support so far. "Only by speeding up legislation can we straighten out various problems of preschool education, including the standards for building parks, the nature, scale, teachers and supervision subjects."
"The input-output ratio of preschool education is very high. Good preschool education is of great significance to children's personality development, social development and intellectual development. We must vigorously strengthen the construction of inclusive kindergartens and strive to make every child enjoy affordable and high-quality preschool education at home.