In a long historical period, people have never stopped studying classical physics, and have been committed to establishing a relatively perfect classical physics system, trying to cover and solve all the physical problems that people have discovered.
But with the development of science and the progress of ideological understanding, people have gradually discovered this so-called? Perfect? Without physical system, the photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation, linear spectrum and specific heat capacity of solids and molecules can not be found in the established classical physical system.
Compared with rectangular mechanics with matrix as calculation tool, wave mechanics is more suitable for beginners. It uses simple micro-motion language and elementary calculus equations, and is the most commonly used form in the basic application of quantum theory.
Keywords: Schrodinger function of quantum mechanics wave theory
Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the laws of motion of microscopic particles. It mainly studies the basic theory of the structure and properties of atoms, molecules, condensed matter, nuclei and elementary particles. Together with the theory of relativity, it forms the theoretical basis of modern physics.
Quantum mechanics is not only one of the basic theories of modern physics, but also widely used in chemistry and many modern technologies. ①
As one of the two forms of quantum mechanics, wave theory occupies a particularly important position in modern physics. It was founded by Schrodinger, which is equivalent to matrix mechanics founded by Heisenberg and others in mathematical form, and is the cornerstone of quantum mechanics.
In a long historical period, people have never stopped studying classical physics, and have been committed to establishing a relatively perfect classical physics system, trying to cover and solve all the physical problems that people have discovered.
But with the development of science and the progress of ideological understanding, people have gradually discovered this so-called? Perfect? Without physical system, the photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation, linear spectrum and specific heat capacity of solids and molecules can not be found in the established classical physical system.
Wave theory, as its name implies, is based on the theory of micro-particle fluctuation, which is described by wave equation.
De Broglie 1924 put forward the hypothesis that microscopic particles have volatility, which opened the door to the study of volatility.
Subsequently, in 1926, Schrodinger put forward the wave equation satisfied by the movement of microscopic particles on the basis of wave hypothesis, and successfully solved the hydrogen atom problem by using this equation. Later, in the face of other specific problems, it was updated and improved, and a relatively perfect approximate calculation method was developed.
Compared with rectangular mechanics with matrix as calculation tool, wave mechanics is more suitable for beginners. It uses simple micro-motion language and elementary calculus equations, and is the most commonly used form in the basic application of quantum theory.
The main idea of wave mechanics was established by Schrodinger. The old mechanical theory is equivalent to using isolated light to deal with optical problems, and the new wave mechanics is equivalent to using wave theory to deal with optical problems.
One of the signs of the transition from the old theory to the new theory is the introduction of a phenomenon very similar to the diffraction of light.
In tiny and precise systems, old theories are constantly being replaced. Schrodinger believes that it is no coincidence that the diameter of atoms is similar to the assumed wavelength.
Schrodinger's thought was put forward from four aspects:
The energy of electrons in (1) atomic field is discrete.
(2) Under certain boundary conditions, the vibration frequency of wave equation can only take a series of discrete eigenfrequencies.
(3) Hamiltonian Jacobian equation can describe not only particle motion, but also light wave.
(4) Einstein and De Broglie's thoughts on wave-particle duality.
An electron can be regarded as a wave, and its energy e and momentum p can be related to wavelength and frequency by de Broglie formula. ②
On the basis of Schrodinger wave equation, D'Alembert gave the general solution of one-dimensional scalar wave equation: u(x, t) = F(x-ct)+G(x+ct).
Consider two initial conditions:
Solution:
u(x，0)=f(x)
u_{，t}(x，0)=g(x)
So D'Alembert's formula becomes:
u(x,t)=\\frac{f(x-ct)+f(x+ct)}+\\frac\\int_^{x+ct}g(s)ds
In the classical sense, if f (x) \ \ inc k, g (x) \ \ inc k, then u (t, x) \ \ inc k.
Fluctuation is an extremely common phenomenon in nature.
The waves observed by humans in the early days are surface waves and mechanical waves produced by chords or membrane vibrations, all of which have visible forms.
Later, I gradually realized some invisible fluctuations, such as sound waves, electromagnetic waves and light waves.
After the research in the 20th century went deep into the microscopic level, matter waves were discovered.
The development of wave mechanics has a long history, which originated in principle of least action. Mother of all things? .
At present, a lot of research work in wave mechanics involves mathematical nonlinear differential equations, but its physical significance is often ignored.
The study of electromagnetic wave is still an important aspect of wave science, and its basic theory needs to be clarified.
The development of wave mechanics shows that the classical electromagnetic wave equation should be studied in connection with the wave equation of quantum mechanics, and the era of discussing classical fields and waves in isolation has long passed. ③
With the efforts of generations of scientists, wave science has gradually developed into a more comprehensive system.
A series of scientists such as Schrodinger and De Broglie participated in the establishment of quantum mechanics.
And successfully extended it to one of the basic theories of modern physics.
The scientific background behind it is still amazing in the future. As a physicist, a literati writer and others, Schrodinger is a man of temperament. His eclectic romantic feelings made many people doubt him at the beginning of the theory, and even when attending the seminar, he was misunderstood by the guests because of his strange clothes. Is this it? A geek? Man has created a new era of quantum mechanics, strengthened quantum mechanics, applied scientific philosophy and pushed wave mechanics to the world.
1926- 10, Schrodinger visited Copenhagen and had a big debate with Bohr about the physical meaning of quantum mechanics. At this point, the initial stage of wave mechanics ended, and soon, the development of quantum mechanics entered a brand-new stage.
There are still many problems to be solved in the process of continuous improvement of wave mechanics: although there will be no problems in wave mechanics if the old system is completely abandoned and replaced by a new system, this approach faces many difficulties.
Because according to the theory of wave mechanics, a particle has infinitely many possible orbits, and none of them is superior to others, which makes it a real orbit in some cases.
However, another reality is that we do see the orbit of a single particle.
So far, wave mechanics can't give an accurate explanation for this.
The source of everything comes from the uncertainty of particles.
References:
(1) the second edition of quantum mechanics was once published by rigorous science press.
② On the Cornerstone of Quantum Mechanics ―― Matrix Mechanics and Wave Mechanics Zhu Huazhong Normal University
③ The development of wave mechanics? Huang Zhixun, School of Information Engineering, Communication University of China
Quantum mechanics and quantum pedagogy II.
In physics, quantum mechanics is not a strange concept, and it is also closely related to philosophical thought. For example, the principle of wave-particle duality is an important manifestation of cause and effect, while quantum pedagogy is the product of scientism. The principle of quantum mechanics is not accurate, and subjectivity is everything.
The relationship between them is briefly expounded, which provides reference for future quantum research.
The subjectivity of quantum mechanics and quantum pedagogy
Some ideas covered by quantum mechanics are widely embodied in the study of philosophy and also play an important role in theoretical teaching. It can be said that quantum mechanics plays an important role in promoting the development of philosophical thought.
Quantum mechanics emphasizes the use of pictures and other images to understand the surrounding world and the understanding of causality, which is of reference significance to the educational theory formed in the later period.
But with the help of quantum mechanics? Quantum pedagogy? However, it is very different. This pedagogy has a great deviation from the original understanding of quantum theory, and fully emphasizes natural science.
1 the origin of quantum mechanics
From 65438 to 0900, quantum hypothesis appeared in people's cognition, and now quantum mechanics is still improving, which provides an important theoretical basis for later scientific development. It can be said that quantum mechanics is the center of quantum theory, which promotes the development of some advanced technologies such as atomic energy, lays the foundation for major social inventions, enables people to understand the micro-world more clearly, and makes use of micro-motion to better serve the society. This is a major discovery of mankind and a great progress of society.
Cosmology of quantum mechanics
In the universe, there are many discussions about quantum theory, and the state of quantum level has been found from the existing hydrogen atoms.
For an electron, it is more complicated than an atom, which requires it to be solved by solving a specific equation of the atom, and its field just produces a standing wave around the nucleus.
In addition, unlike other standing waves, quantum States have their own specific frequencies and are related to the energy contained, and each quantum state has its own energy.
In other words, the energy of any state is expected to be determined by a specific quantum, and it is not ambiguous. As long as there is a theoretical basis, the energy of the state can be estimated scientifically.
Because there is attractive force between protons and electrons, if you want to move an electron, you must overcome gravity to do work.
3 quantum way of thinking
The human mind is always developing. When the two ideas cross, they will form a relatively complete and amazing ideological achievement. Just as Newton's world outlook and quantum theory cross each other, it will make the thought develop so fast and the society develop so fast.
The quantum thinking mode gives an important enlightenment to human beings, that is, it requires people as the center and people as the main body.
With the progress of the times and economic development, information technology has gradually integrated into people's wisdom and thoughts. They are invisible to each other and have no definite shape, but when they meet, they become quantifiable substances, which is due to their weak materiality.
In fact, the scientific wisdom generated by quantum physics is an important factor in the development of human society and an important guarantee for the progress of civilization. It can be said that quantum physics is an important part of computer, and the computer chip formed is an important embodiment of thinking. Quantum physics is not only the premise of scientific progress, but also the important guarantee of information development. Quantum thinking is the only way for the development of modern society.
4? Quantum pedagogy? Idealism of
Since the emergence of quantum mechanics, quantum pedagogy? It is also developing constantly, although it also involves some educational viewpoints, but these viewpoints have long been accepted by everyone.
For example, learning is a whole process, in which knowledge points are interrelated and intertwined, and key words such as service, personalization and complementarity are also to be discussed. However, these so-called viewpoints and conclusions are not original, nor have they evolved from quantum mechanics, but are contrary to their principles. Quantum pedagogy? It is the expression of idealism.
Becker pays more attention to experience and thinks that what he has learned comes from experience, but he made a fatal mistake, thinking that feeling is the real thing in the world and the rest is invisible.
He believes that knowledge is the source of all strength, but feeling is the only means for us to explore the unknown world and pursue the supreme truth. Only when we can feel it can we be found.
In other words, our subjectivity determines the world we see, which is also the viewpoint interpreted by quantum pedagogy.
He believes that only by eliminating the differences between things and ideas, realizing that things are equivalent to so-called ideas, and ideas can perceive anything that exists in the world, will our knowledge be more vital.
5? Quantum pedagogy? Misunderstanding of ...
As we all know, quantum mechanics is impossible? What's the matter with you? On the theoretical basis of creation, and? Quantum pedagogy? But it is an important source of idealism. What is this? Quantum pedagogy? The distortion of the core idea of quantum mechanics, or the lack of correct understanding of quantum mechanics, leads to completely different ideas. Besides,? Quantum pedagogy? Too much emphasis on feeling and experience leads to agnosticism, which runs counter to the idea of quantum mechanics.
? Quantum pedagogy? The understanding deviation of the concepts and methods of quantum mechanics is as follows.
In order to further understand the essential characteristics of light, the concept of wave-particle duality is put forward.
Since then, Bohr proposed? Principle of invigorating qi? The essence of wave-particle duality is explained again.
? Not sure? The principle is that there is a big defect in one aspect, not that particles are not applicable in the macro world, but that one aspect cannot be applied alone, and only when applied at the same time can the comprehensive explanation of physical phenomena be improved.
Bohr thinks that wave-particle duality has a high position in the whole quantum mechanics. It is a principle that can describe a physical phenomenon well, and it can also be said to explain the causal relationship. Can promote each other and repel each other. This mutually exclusive relationship is indispensable, and this complementary relationship was later accepted by scholars.
6 conclusion
In recent years, researchers have paid more and more attention to quantum mechanics. The basic principles of quantum mechanics and its important relationship with quantum pedagogy have been discussed, leaving more arguments in the development of quantum theory.
To be sure, quantum mechanics has contributed to the progress of science, linking the micro-world with the macro-world, while quantum pedagogy is not a correct understanding of quantum mechanics. As far as its development is concerned, quantum pedagogy agrees with postmodernism and becomes an important foundation of idealism.