1, self-taught college entrance examination
Self-study examination of higher education, referred to as self-study examination or self-study examination, is a higher education examination system in China, which is based on self-study, combined with individual self-study, social assistance and national examination. Founded in the early 1980s, this system is a new type of open socialized education. Those who take the exam are not limited by gender, age, occupation, nationality or educational level. It has been recognized by the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Canada and other countries.
2. Adult college entrance examination
The national unified entrance examination for adult colleges and universities, referred to as adult college entrance examination or adult entrance examination, is an entrance examination for adult colleges and universities in China, which is organized by the whole country and is the standard to determine whether candidates have admission qualifications. Before 2004, the exam was held in May every year. After 2004, the exam was changed to August and September every year, and the exam was held once every two years 10. Enrollment targets can be all kinds of on-the-job workers, high school, secondary school, technical school graduates or other social personnel. (Note: The examination time in 2009 is 10, 17, 18. )
There are three types of adult college entrance examination: junior college from high school, undergraduate from high school and undergraduate from junior college. There are three forms of study: full-time, part-time and correspondence, with the shortest duration of two years and the longest duration of five years. For example, it takes five years for an amateur or correspondence high school to upgrade to an undergraduate course. After students graduate, the graduation certificate will be marked with the words "Adult Higher Education".
As long as you take Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, you can be promoted to junior college at the starting point of high school. A foreign language is one of English, Japanese and Russian. The starting point from high school to undergraduate course is divided into liberal arts plus historical geography and science plus physical chemistry. The starting point of the college is politics and foreign languages, and then one of the corresponding subjects in "College Chinese, Introduction to Art, Civil Law, Advanced Mathematics (1), Advanced Mathematics (2), Ecological Basis, Medical Synthesis and Educational Theory" is tested according to the applied major.
3. Distance education from junior college to senior high school.
Also known as online education. Online universities usually implement flexible academic system, allowing students to freely choose the study period. Network education requires students to have strong self-control and autonomy. Different from the traditional teaching methods, online education mainly means that students click on online courseware (or CD-ROM courseware) to complete the course study, submit homework or communicate with teachers in real time through e-mail, posting, etc., and arrange centralized face-to-face lectures according to the specific situation of students.
Significance of applying for the exam
The main significance of undergraduate study is mainly analyzed from the following aspects.
(1) Looking for a job
There are more than 800,000 college entrance examination candidates in the province every year. There are about 80 ordinary colleges and 30 adult colleges and universities in the province. There are far more junior colleges than undergraduate courses. When graduating every year, finding a job is a headache for graduates and parents. It's hard to find a job, so the job fair can't squeeze in. Many units (especially state organs and institutions) require a bachelor's degree or above in recruitment, and junior college students are not qualified to apply for or take the exam. For example, many schools require a bachelor's degree in recruiting logistics managers and experimenters, some primary school teachers require a bachelor's degree or above, and colleges and universities require a master's or doctoral degree in recruiting teachers, as well as civil servants. Most of them only allow junior college students to apply for some hard jobs. Many ideal job opportunities will be lost because of academic qualifications. Of course, a high degree does not necessarily lead to a successful career. Many people who have no education are equally successful in starting a business, but in today's society, the higher the education, the more job opportunities and the faster the development.
(2) Wage classification
China's state organs and institutions basically set their salaries according to their academic qualifications. Undergraduate salaries are higher than specialist salaries, and more standardized enterprises also set salaries according to their academic qualifications. For example, if you work in a foreign-funded enterprise or a well-known domestic enterprise in Suzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen, the post salary is 200 yuan higher than that of a junior college-it is normal for 500 yuan to have more funds and promotion opportunities than that of a junior college. Of course, some enterprises do not determine their positions according to their academic qualifications, but consider the actual income of the employer.
(3) personnel reform
Many units (especially state organs and institutions) promote cadres and campaign leaders with a bachelor's degree or above. Even if they are fully qualified, they are not qualified to stand for election, but they just can't seize the opportunity. For example, most junior colleges compete for middle-level leadership positions, such as department heads, which basically require master's or doctoral degrees. Many units, such as schools or courts, will stipulate a certain number of years (even some primary schools). In-service personnel who fail to obtain a bachelor's degree or above within the specified period of time will be laid off directly in the personnel reform, that is, even if they find a job below junior college, they may face the danger of being laid off and unemployed in their future work.
(4) Postgraduate entrance examination
With a bachelor's degree, you can directly apply for the national unified recruitment of graduate students without a degree certificate, while junior college students can only apply for graduate students with the same education two years after graduation from junior college. Although the state stipulates that they are allowed to apply for graduate students with equivalent qualifications two years after graduating from junior college, many universities are actually reluctant to recruit junior college students, and will set obstacles in many aspects, requiring them to publish papers and take additional specialized courses. What level of English can they reach? In addition, the on-the-job master requires a bachelor's degree. If it is a junior college, there is no chance to get an in-service master's degree in the future.
(5) Textual research
Vocational qualification certificates in many countries require bachelor degree or above. For example, the requirements for registering for judicial examinations such as notarization, law, judges and procuratorial proceedings must be a bachelor's degree or above, which can be recognized by the state, regardless of major. For example, many lawyers do not study law, but learn Chinese, economics, chemical engineering and everything. And if you are only a specialist, no matter which major you are, which school you graduated from, no matter what background you have, you will never do notarization, lawyer, legal litigation or procuratorial litigation in your life. Gone are the days when you can be a judge, prosecutor or notary by some related majors.
(6) Civil Service Examination
Civil servants have stable jobs, higher pay and less pressure and power, while the Ministry of Personnel stipulates that civil servants' positions need to pass the civil service examination, and usually only grass-roots and hard positions are reserved for specialists. Ordinary full-time students who are not recruited in a unified way do not have the qualifications of civil servants who require degree certificates because they do not have relevant degree certificates.
(7) Studying abroad
Many countries recognize our undergraduate education. With a bachelor's degree, you can directly apply for higher-level education abroad, and you don't need to waste time abroad, which will save a lot of money.
(8) Evaluation of professional titles
At present, almost all kinds of professional titles are linked to academic qualifications, and there is basically no opportunity to evaluate senior professional titles below junior college, and the leaders in charge of many units are almost all people with senior professional titles. Without senior professional titles, you will lose many opportunities as a leader in charge, while without undergraduate courses, it will increase the difficulty of evaluating senior professional titles.
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