Awarded the "Book Carrying Order" and "Prohibiting Private Schools from Taking Officials as Teachers"
Starting from consolidating the unified feudal regime, Qin Shihuang resolutely adopted the so-called "book-carrying order" at the suggestion of Li Si, not to destroy all books, but only to prohibit Confucian classics hidden in the hands of Confucian scholars or ordinary people, and "to prohibit private schools from taking officials as teachers". Including two aspects: first, the restrictions on the collection of books. The second is about the restrictions on running schools. The so-called "prohibiting private schools from taking officials as teachers" does not mean canceling education. Provisions: those who want to seek scholars can follow the unified arrangement of "taking officials as teachers" and "taking law as teaching" in feudal dynasties; What is forbidden is only the "two-hearted private school" run by Confucianism since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In order to prevent Confucian scholars from gathering disciples to give lectures, forming gangs for personal gain and expanding their power. It can be clearly seen from the reasons and contents of this measure that Qin Shihuang did not want to cancel education and destroy civilization, but to eradicate the ideological influence that endangered feudal centralization. However, this forced burning of books, replacing education with law and not running schools to train talents is simple and rude, which is not conducive to the development of education, nor to the prosperity and progress of science and culture.
"same book, same line"
This is an important measure to promote unified writing and standardize social morality in the ideological and cultural fields.
The so-called "writing in the same language" is to eliminate the phenomenon of "different sounds and different characters" during the separatist regime in the Warring States period and unify the writing. The specific methods are as follows: based on Zhou Zhou Dazhuan, save its font and change its font; Take the existing characters of Qin as the standard, and take their similarities and differences. The unified official script is called Xiao Zhuan.
People use official script. The Qin dynasty adopted the measure of "using the same language but not the same name", which made the font from complex to simple and from miscellaneous to neat. This is a progressive trend and a great contribution to cultural development.
The so-called "homotopy" is the standard to regulate moral behavior. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the formation of the feudal system, as an ideological and moral concept, the old has not been eradicated and the new has not been established. Especially because of the different process and degree of feudalism in different countries, the moral concepts of different countries are also very different. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, in order to consolidate the centralized rule, there should be not only unified laws, but also unified morality. The way is to replace Zhou Li with Qin law, so as to achieve the goal of "changing the leader (people) of Guizhou and making the same degree (statutes) far and near" The implementation of this measure is conducive to the integration of customs and habits of people of all ethnic groups, thus promoting exchanges and unification in other aspects, which was of certain positive significance at that time.
"Set up three elders to educate with their palms"
In order to consolidate centralized rule and strengthen the dictatorship of the landlord class, Qin Shihuang paid great attention to anesthetizing the broad masses of the people ideologically. To this end, educational institutions have been established in villages all over the country. The "three elders" are the most basic township officials in the centralized organization of the Qin Dynasty, responsible for education. His main task is to educate the people in law, policy and morality. Obviously, this move is an organizational guarantee for the implementation of "teaching by law", "taking officials as teachers" and "similarity in writing and similarity in things"
Qin's official-teacher system and the establishment of doctoral officers
Due to the special cultural and educational policies, no formal schools were established in the Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, the education in the Qin Dynasty was an official teacher system. This edition of Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor says, "If you want to learn statutes, be an official." In other words, the rulers of the Qin Dynasty attached great importance to the education of laws and policies, that is, "teaching by law". The teaching of legal policies mainly depends on officials, that is, "taking officials as teachers" The second is to set up doctoral officers. According to the Biography of Qin Shihuang and the Records of Sacrifice in the Suburbs, Qin has dozens of doctoral officers, whose duties are: discussing affairs, preparing advice and telling anecdotes. In addition, they can also be taught by apprentices to teach laws, regulations and culture.