A, summer drowning safety knowledge
( 1)? Six. No? : Do not swim in the water without permission; Don't swim with others without authorization; You are not allowed to swim without parents or teachers; It is not allowed to swim in waters without safety facilities and ambulance personnel; Don't swim in unfamiliar waters; Students who can't swim are not allowed to go into the water for rescue without authorization.
(B) swimming safety points
1. Don't be too hungry or too full when entering the water. Don't go into the water for an hour after meals to avoid cramps;
2. Try the water temperature before entering the water. If the water is too cold, don't go into the water.
3. Swimming in rivers, lakes and seas must be accompanied by someone, not swimming alone;
4. Observe the swimming environment before launching. You can't swim here if there is a danger warning.
Don't swim in the canyon with unclear geographical environment. The water in these places is different in depth and cold, and obstacles may hurt people in the water, which is very unsafe;
6. Before diving, make sure that the water depth here is at least 3 meters, and there are no weeds, rocks or other obstacles underwater. It is safer to enter the water with your feet first;
7. When swimming in the sea, swim parallel to the coastline. Those with poor swimming skills or insufficient physical strength should not get involved in the depths. Make a mark on the coast, pay attention to whether you are washed too far, and adjust the direction in time to ensure safety.
(3) How to prevent lower limb cramps when swimming
You must warm up before swimming.
You should consider your physical condition before swimming. If you are too full, hungry or tired, don't swim.
Before swimming, rub some water on your limbs and then jump into the water. Don't jump into the water at once.
If you have chest pain while swimming, you can press your chest hard and wait until you get better before going ashore.
When you have abdominal pain, you should go ashore. You'd better drink some hot drinks or soup to keep warm.
(D) Summer swimming and drowning self-help strategies
How to ensure the health and safety of swimming and avoid drowning? Unfamiliar with the water situation, rushing into the water can easily lead to life-threatening. For the unfortunate drowning incident, experts said that drowning people should not panic, but should remain calm and actively save themselves:
(1) For people with cramps in their hands and feet, if they have cramps in their fingers, they can hold their hands tightly, then forcibly open them and do them several times quickly until the cramps are eliminated;
(2) If the calf or toe cramps, first take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body, and at the same time press the palm of the same side on the knee of the cramped limb to help the cramped limb straighten;
(3) If the thigh cramps, it can also be solved by lengthening the cramped muscles.
(5) How to prevent drowning
Swimming is one of teenagers' favorite sports. However, if you are not prepared, lack safety awareness, panic when you encounter an accident, and you can't save yourself calmly, it is easy to cause drowning casualties.
In order to ensure the safety of swimming and prevent drowning accidents, the following must be done:
1, don't go swimming alone, let alone in places where you don't know the bottom and water conditions, or dangerous places where drowning casualties are likely to occur. Choose a good swimming place and have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water surface is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of water.
You must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. Take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, it is necessary to count the number of people before and after launching and designate lifeguards for safety protection.
Pay attention to your health. People who are prone to cramps in limbs should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. Get ready before you go into the water and exercise first. If the water temperature is too low, wash your body with shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. Students with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking.
4. Be self-aware of your own water quality, don't be brave after entering the water, don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other to avoid drowning. Don't swim in rapids and whirlpools, let alone drink and swim.
5. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath and so on. , should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help.
6, in swimming, if the calf or leg cramps, don't panic, you can kick or jump hard, or massage hard, strain the cramp, and call for help to your partner.
7. When a drowning accident occurs in swimming, the first aid on the spot is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the vomit, sediment and other impurities in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; The tongue should be pulled out to avoid backward turning and blocking the respiratory tract; Raise the abdomen of the drowning person so that his chest and head droop, or hold his legs, put his abdomen on the rescuer's shoulder, and do the action of walking or jumping to "pour water". Restoring the drowning person's breathing is the key to the success of first aid. Artificial respiration should be carried out immediately, and mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration can be used. At the same time of first aid, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly.
Second, the summer weather safety knowledge
(a) to prevent electric shock in bad weather should pay attention to the following points:
1. In severe weather such as strong wind, thunderstorm and hail, it is necessary to minimize going out. If you have to go out and walk, observe the terrain carefully, walk carefully and avoid stepping on wires. Avoid walking around power facilities such as telephone poles and iron towers, and bypass fallen wires.
Don't walk barefoot when going out.
3. indoors, in case of thunderstorm and windy weather, turn off the running household appliances in time and unplug the power supply; Don't go barefoot to repair live lines or equipment at home; If the home is accidentally flooded, the power supply should be cut off immediately to prevent the household appliances being used from accidents due to water ingress and insulation damage.
4. When walking outdoors in rainy days, pay attention to observation, and don't touch the metal parts of street lamp poles, signal lamp poles and landing billboards. Where there is water, we should go around.
5. After discovering that power facilities such as distribution panels and box-type substations are flooded, it is necessary to inform the power supply department in time and handle them without other personnel approaching.
How to give first aid after being struck by lightning
After being struck by lightning, you can take the following measures for first aid:
1. The injured person lies flat, unbuttoning buttons, belts, etc.
2. Immediately perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions until the patient wakes up.
3. Holding hands or acupoints, such as Renzhong, Xuan Shi, Yongquan and Mingmen.
4. Send to the hospital for emergency treatment.
(2) When encountering lightning, the following points should be noted:
1. If you happen to be at home when there is strong lightning, it is recommended not to venture out. Don't use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer the phone.
2. If you are in the wild, you should immediately look for a shelter, and take a concrete building with a lightning rod, a steel frame or a steel plate as a lightning protection place, or a vehicle with a complete metal compartment.
3. When there is no shelter, don't go near the open space, and don't go near the lonely tree on the top of the mountain, which is the most vulnerable place to be struck by lightning. Don't stay in open waters and boats; Try to avoid tall trees and forest edges, around wires and flagpoles, and near high objects without lightning protection equipment, such as haystacks and tents. Don't get close to huge metal objects such as railway tracks and long metal railings, and don't stay at the top of the mountain and commanding heights.
4. During the lightning, it is best not to ride horses, bicycles or motorcycles; Don't carry metal objects in the open air; Do not go near any part of lightning protection equipment.
5. If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, try to reduce the center of gravity and the contact area between the human body and the ground. You can squat down, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees, lean forward, and never lie on the ground, trenches or pits. If you can wear a raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better. People in the wild, whether moving or static, should be separated by a few meters, not crowded together, or they can hide in bigger caves.
6. Note that when your hair stands up or your skin vibrates, you may be struck by lightning, so you should fall to the ground immediately. People who are struck by lightning may be burned or severely shocked, but they will not be charged and can be rescued safely.
7. Never use your mobile phone when it is thundering!
(3) Personal lightning protection should pay attention to the following points:
1. You should stay indoors and close the doors and windows; People who work outdoors should hide in buildings.
2. TV, audio and other electrical appliances without lightning protection measures or insufficient lightning protection measures should not be used, and faucets should not be used.
3. Don't touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, external walls of buildings, and stay away from live equipment such as wires or other similar metal devices.
4. Reduce the use of telephones and mobile phones.
5. Don't swim or engage in other water sports. Not suitable for outdoor ball games. Leave the water and other open spaces and find a place to hide.
6. Don't stand on the top of the mountain, the roof or other objects with high conductivity.
7. Don't handle flammable items in open containers.
8. When you can't hide in a building with lightning protection facilities in the wilderness, stay away from trees and masts.
9. It is not advisable to take an umbrella in an open field, and it is not advisable to carry badminton rackets and golf clubs on your shoulders.
10. It is not advisable to drive a motorcycle or ride a bike.
(4) heatstroke prevention and cooling
★ Travel to avoid the scorching sun
Remember to prepare sunscreen equipment when you go out in summer. 10- 16 It's best not to walk in the scorching sun, because the sun is strongest at this time, and the possibility of heatstroke is 10 times as usual! If you must go out at this time, you must take good protection, such as umbrella, sun hat and sunglasses, and if possible, it is best to apply sunscreen; Prepare plenty of water and drinks. In addition, in the hot summer, you can take heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, such as ten drops of water, Ren Dan, essential oil, etc. It must be kept at hand in case of emergency. When going out, try to choose cotton, linen and silk fabrics, and wear less chemical fiber clothing to avoid heat dissipation in time when sweating a lot, resulting in heatstroke.
The elderly, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, especially those with cardiovascular diseases, should try to reduce outdoor activities in the hot season.
★ Don't wait for thirst to drink water.
Don't wait for thirst to drink water, because thirst already shows that your body is short of water. Ideally, drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water every day according to the temperature. When sweating a lot, you can add some salt water appropriately to make up for the salt lost by sweating. In addition, the human body is prone to potassium deficiency in summer, which makes people feel tired and weak. Potassium tea is an excellent summer drink.
★ diet
Vegetables eaten in summer, such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato, have high water content; Fresh fruits, such as peaches, apricots, watermelons and melons, have a water content of 80% to 90% and can be used to supplement water. In addition, dairy products can not only replenish water, but also meet the nutritional needs of the body. Secondly, people who can't avoid working in a high temperature environment should appropriately supplement drinks containing elements such as potassium and magnesium.
★ Keep enough sleep.
In summer, the days are long and the nights are short, the temperature is high, the human body has a strong metabolism, a large consumption, and it is easy to feel tired. Adequate sleep can relax the brain and body system, which is not only beneficial to work and study, but also a measure to prevent heatstroke. The best time to sleep is from 22: 00 to 23: 00, and the best time to get up is from 5: 30 to 6: 30. Be careful not to lie under the air conditioning outlet and electric fan when sleeping, so as not to get air conditioning disease and catch a cold.
Emergency rescue in case of heatstroke:
Get rid of the high temperature environment and quickly transfer the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place to rest. Let it lie flat, raise its head and unbutton it.
Cosmetic liquid:
If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea and vomiting, they can drink salty drinks, tea, mung bean soup and so on. To cool down and replenish blood volume.
Artificial heat dissipation:
You can use a fan to cool down, but you can't blow directly at the patient to prevent catching a cold again.