The Great Teaching Theory published by Czech educator Comenius in 1632 marked the beginning of the formation of an independent discipline of pedagogy, and was considered as the first pedagogy work in modern times. Its main educational viewpoints include the following points:

(1) "Universal Intelligence" education. Based on the concept of "universal wisdom", this paper puts forward the concept of universal education.

(2) Education adapts to nature.

(3) Education system.

(4) Class teaching system. One of Comenius' greatest contributions to modern pedagogy is his classroom teaching system and its theory.

(5) Teaching principles. Comenius put forward and demonstrated the teaching principles of intuition, systematicness, ability, consolidation and consciousness.

(6) The content of moral education. Comenius called wisdom, courage, temperance and justice the main or basic virtues, and also included a brand-new concept at that time-labor education.

2. Rousseau's educational thought

Rousseau is a firm "theory of good nature". He believes that the task of education should be to make children "belong to nature", which is the core of his naturalistic education. Rousseau's representative is Emile.

(Rousseau is kind and loves Meiere)

3. Pestalozzi's educational thought

In the history of western education, Pestalozzi was the first educator who clearly put forward the slogan of "psychological education".

The so-called "educational psychology" is an educational science that raises education to a scientific level and is based on human psychological activities.

4. Locke's educational thought

Locke opposed the concept of talent and put forward the "whiteboard theory". He believes that the human mind is like a whiteboard, without all the features and concepts, and everyone is equal in natural intelligence.

Locke believes that the purpose of education is to cultivate gentlemen, and this kind of cultivation can only be realized through family education, thus putting forward the theory of gentleman education. In his book Random Talk on Education, he expounded the contents (i.e. physical education, moral education and intellectual education) and methods of gentleman education.

(Locke talks to a gentleman on the whiteboard)

5. Herbart's educational thought

Herbart is known as "the father of modern pedagogy" or "the founder of scientific pedagogy" in the history of world education. The publication of his General Pedagogy (1806) marks the establishment of normative pedagogy, and at the same time, this book is also considered as the first modern pedagogy work. Its views mainly include the following points:

(1) The theoretical basis of the educational theory system. Herbart established moral education theory on the basis of ethics and teaching theory on the basis of psychology, which can be said to lay the foundation of scientific pedagogy.

(2) educational purpose. (1) "Possible purpose"; 2 "necessary purpose".

(3) Principles of education and teaching. In the history of western teaching, Herbart first put forward the concept of "education and teaching".

(4) Children's management and discipline theory. Herbart believes that the educational process should have a certain order, including management, teaching and discipline.

(5) Curriculum system. Herbart put forward six courses according to students' six interests: empirical interest-natural science, speculative interest-mathematics and logic, aesthetic interest-art discipline, sympathetic interest-language discipline, social interest-social discipline and religious interest-religious discipline.

(6) Stage theory of teaching form. That is, clarity, association, system and method.