Ten teaching plans in The Analects of Confucius
Academic goal
1. Understand the usage of the function word "er" in classical Chinese.
2. Learn the learning attitude and learning methods of the ancients who are diligent and inquisitive, and combine learning with thinking.
Teaching assumption
1. Arrange two class hours.
The first class introduces Confucius and teaches the first, second and third classes.
In the second class, comment exercises, teaching items 4, 5 and 6, and summing up ideological significance.
2. In the process of learning, we should seize the opportunity to carry out the education of learning attitude and learning methods.
3. Train students to learn classical Chinese.
first kind
Teaching focus
Interpret, interpret and analyze the first three.
teaching process
1. Introduction of Confucius and the Analects of Confucius.
Confucius (55 BC1~ 479) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. Nobles in the Song Dynasty. Family decline as a teenager. As an adult, I worked as a "Commissioner" (accounting secretary) and a "farmer" (in charge of animal husbandry). At the age of 50, he was promoted to be a secretary by the governor of Lu, and took a photo with him. After being dismissed from office, he once traveled around the world and never served again. In his later years, he devoted himself to education and was the first person to popularize education to the people. He also arranged poems and books, edited and revised Chunqiu, which was recorded by Lu historians and became the first chronological history book in China. Confucius vigorously advocated the theory of "benevolence" in the world outlook. He was skeptical about the superstitious activities of ghosts and gods since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, thinking that "if you don't know life, how can you know death" and put forward the view of "staying away from ghosts and gods".
In epistemology and educational thought, he paid attention to the combination of "learning" and "thinking" and put forward many enlightening opinions.
He started the wind of private schools, advocated "teaching without distinction" and taught students in accordance with their aptitude. According to legend, there are 3,000 disciples and 72 famous artists. But he looked down on "learning crops" and "learning gardens" and looked down on working people.
Politically, he advocated "Jun Jun, minister, father and son", maintained the order of slavery, and advocated enlightenment on the basis of maintaining aristocratic rule.
Since the Han dynasty, Confucius' theory has become the orthodoxy of feudal thought for more than two thousand years, with great influence.
The Analects of Confucius is a record of Confucius and his disciples' words and deeds, with a total of 20 articles. The content includes Confucius' conversation, answering disciples' questions and talking to each other.
It is an important basis for studying Confucius' thought.
2. Teachers demonstrate reading the text.
3. spelling.
You can't talk about Yu-let alone Yue.
4. Teaching comes first.
(1) Assign a student to read this sentence aloud.
(2) Ask questions to explain and guide students to explain the meaning of words and interpret this sentence.
"Confucius": Zi, used as a title of respect for people in ancient times, mostly refers to men, which can be translated as Mr. and Teacher here, referring to Confucius. Confucius said. "It is also good to study from time to time": study, study, study, and omit the content of study; However, sequential words; When, on time, always; Study, review and practice; First, the content of learning. Isn't it pleasant to study (what) and review on time? "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar": Friends here refer to like-minded friends. Isn't it happy to have friends from afar who share the same interests (study and discuss problems together)? "People don't know and don't care, it's not a gentleman": people, others; Know, understand; However, turning conjunctions; Anger, resentment, resentment; Gentleman, here refers to a person with morality and cultivation. Others don't understand (me), but I don't resent (him). Isn't he also an educated man?
(3) Guide students to analyze this article.
How many meanings does this article contain? What problems do they show in their studies?
This article contains three meanings:
(1) study from time to time, what's more?
This layer shows that we should not only study hard, but also review on time and regard learning as a pleasure. Not only the learning method, but also the learning attitude.
② Isn't it a pleasure to have friends coming from afar?
This layer shows that learning needs friends. Book of rites? 6? 1 Xue Ji said: "He who studies alone without friends is an ignorant person." Like-minded friends come from thousands of miles away. Studying knowledge and solving doubts and doubts is conducive to academic progress and naturally becomes a pleasure. This layer is about the learning attitude of friends who learn from each other with an open mind.
(3) Isn't it a gentleman if people don't know and don't care?
This layer directly explains the problem of personal cultivation and the problem of learning attitude. The Analects of Confucius? 6? 1 constitutional questions Confucius said that "you don't suffer from ignorance, you don't suffer from illness", which can help you understand the meaning of this layer. This layer implicitly shows the correct attitude, that is, learning should be based on Dont Ask For Help's knowledge and German study.
The first three sentences have three meanings, which are distinct and concise.
5. Teach the second rule.
(1) Assign a student to read this sentence aloud.
(2) Ask questions to explain and guide students to explain the meaning of words and interpret this sentence.
"Review the past and learn the new, you can be a teacher": review; Therefore, old (knowledge); However, sequential words; Omit the pronoun "zhi" after "one" and "ba"; Because, because, because. Review old knowledge, understand new knowledge, and (such people) can be teachers.
(3) Guide students to analyze this article.
What does this one show about learning and what does it mean?
This picture shows the learning method of "reviewing the past and learning the new". Although the language is simple, it has rich meanings. "Knowing the new" here has two meanings: the first is to gain new experience, that is, to deepen understanding; The second is to understand the new content, namely the expansion of knowledge. "Looking back" here is naturally not just repeated reading, but in the process of continuous review, thinking and exploration, we gain new experience and master new knowledge. This is a correct learning method.
6. Teach the third rule.
(1) Assign a student to read this sentence aloud.
(2) Ask questions to explain and guide students to explain the meaning of words and interpret this sentence.
"Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous": harmony, preface; Thinking, thinking; Then, just; Lost, confused, nothing; Almost, mental fatigue and no income. Reading without thinking will make you confused and gain nothing; If you just think hard and don't study, you will be mentally exhausted and get nothing.
(3) Guide students to analyze this article.
What does this one show about learning? What's the point?
This article shows the learning method of combining learning with thinking. These two sentences clarify the relationship between learning and thinking. Learning is the basis of thinking, and thinking is a profound understanding of what you have learned, and you can't ignore any aspect. This view is very incisive.
arrange work
1. Copy, translate and recite the first three sections.
2. Talk about the differences in usage and meaning between "Shuo" in Buyi Hu Shuo and "Yi Ke" in Neng Shi.
Second lesson
Teaching focus
Interpretation, interpretation and analysis of the latter three; Several usages of "er".
teaching process
1. Check the work.
Combined with the students' answers, it is obvious that "Shuo" in ancient Chinese is sometimes used as an adjective; "Neng" is often used as two words, meaning "Neng", "Na" as "Yong" and "Ba" as a preposition. This is different from the "can" in modern Chinese.
2. Take a new lesson.
(1) Teaching the fourth lesson.
Assign a student to read the article aloud.
Ask questions and explain, guide students to explain the meaning and interpret this sentence.
"Zi Gong said,' Why did Confucius call it Wen? ""why, why? "... why, with what; Call him, call him. Zi Gong asked, "Kong Wenzi (posthumous title), why do you call him Wen? "Confucius said:' sensitive and eager to learn, but not ashamed to ask, so it is called' Wen'': sensitive and intelligent; Hao, love; Shame, respect ... as a disgrace; Ask questions, ask questions, ask people who are not as good as themselves; So, so, so. Confucius said: ("Confucius") is smart and studious, and he is not ashamed to ask others than himself, so (posthumous title) called it "Wen".
③ Guide the students to analyze this one.
What education did Confucius give his disciples in this story? What problems do you show in your study?
Here, Confucius taught his disciples not only to study hard, but also to ask questions better, dare to ask questions from people who are not as good as themselves, learn from the strengths of others and make up for their shortcomings; It shows that we should have an attitude of being diligent and inquisitive and not ashamed to ask questions. Han Yu said in Shi Shuo: "Saints are impermanent. Confucius studied Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xianghe and Lao Dan. Scorpion disciples are not as wise as Confucius. " It means that saints have no fixed teachers. Confucius once asked Tan Zi about his official position, Changhong about music, Shi Xiang about playing the piano, and Lao Dan about "ceremony". These people are not as knowledgeable and cultivated as Confucius. This is a good annotation of Confucius' answer to Zigong.
(2) The fifth law of teaching.
Assign a student to read the article aloud.
Ask questions and explain, guide students to explain the meaning and interpret this sentence.
"Learning silently is good for me. I never tire of learning and never tire of teaching": silence; Know (know), remember; It, it, represents what you have learned; Tired and satisfied; Teach, teach; What is there, what is there, and what is the same; In, in; Alas, sigh. I silently remember what I have learned. I am never satisfied with my study, and I am never tired of teaching people. What's the difference with me?