After being highly praised by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "University Chapters and Sentences", which was finally called "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "Da Xue" became the official textbook of the school and the required reading of the imperial examination, which had a great influence on the ancient education in China.
Extended data:
"University" puts forward "three cardinal principles" (showing virtue, being close to the people, and stopping at the best) and "eight items" (respecting things, knowing and doing, being sincere, being upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country, and leveling the world), emphasizing that cultivating oneself is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of cultivating oneself is to govern the country and leveling the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and personal moral cultivation.
The full text of "Da Xue" is concise, profound and far-reaching. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory, as well as the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, and also systematically discusses the Confucian political philosophy, which has profound enlightenment for being a man, doing things and governing the country.
The influence of the work:
1, front
As an article in The Book of Rites, Daxue has a direct inspiration to Confucianism. Especially after the rise of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, imperial examinations played a great role. After the Song Dynasty, almost every scholar was influenced by the university.
"University" emphasizes the improvement of learners' moral cultivation and the spirit of caring for and participating in society, which is of positive significance for forming a good social atmosphere and promoting social development.
The idea of "cultivation, equality, governance and equality" put forward by "University" has almost become the only standard ideal for scholars. This thought advocates active life, pays attention to self-cultivation, cares about people's sufferings, strives to improve people's livelihood, maintains social stability and supports unity, which has played an important role in social prosperity and stability.
2. Negative; Negative; Negative; negative
"University" bound people's thoughts within the scope of Confucianism, which brought the disadvantages of rigid thinking to ancient literati. In ancient China, if a person did not follow the line of "repair, harmony, governance and peace", he was dismissed as incompetent or deviant, and everyone rose up to attack him, which made the literati dare not deviate easily.
People educated by this mode of thinking have the belief of "saving the world quickly", but their ultimate goal is to serve the supreme ruler. Let the people live a good life is not their ultimate goal, but the ruling means to maintain the ruling class.
Under the guidance of this idea, if the interests of the people conflict with the rulers, they can only sacrifice the interests of the people. So Confucianism has some servility.
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