? Doping in sports is an inevitable worldwide problem. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of doping problems, anti-doping agencies all over the world have included doping education in their key work. The State Council's Anti-Doping Regulations promulgated in 2004 [1] clearly stipulates? The sports administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level shall strengthen anti-doping publicity and education, and raise the anti-doping awareness of sports participants and the public. Radio stations, television stations, newspapers and Internet service providers shall carry out anti-doping publicity; Schools and other educational institutions that implement secondary and above education should strengthen anti-doping education and raise students' anti-doping awareness? . It can be seen that China has raised anti-doping education to the legal level. In 20 15, the Anti-Doping Management Measures implemented by the State Sports General Administration [2] stipulated? Anti-doping work follows the principle of putting prevention first and education first? And then what? Local sports authorities at all levels shall carry out anti-doping publicity and education in accordance with relevant laws and regulations? . Therefore, how to do a good job in anti-doping education according to laws and regulations is an important task for all relevant departments in China.
1 Current anti-doping education model
1. 1 national anti-doping education model
Britain [3] is one of the countries that have invested the most manpower and material resources in anti-doping education. Its Sports Ethics and Anti-Doping Committee regards anti-doping education and information service as an important task. It not only set up a drug information hotline to provide free information services, but also often organized athletes and auxiliary personnel to carry out anti-doping discussions and training, and even cooperated with the health system to set up a drug and sports information institute. The Institute of Drug and Sports Information has a huge database, and has collected a large number of books and periodicals on stimulants, providing the public with more convenient information retrieval. In addition, the Institute of Medicine and Sports Information conducts anti-doping training every year, and the training targets are not only athletes, but also medical workers and teachers. The aim is to improve the anti-doping education and consultation for sports personnel and the public, so as to reduce the occurrence of doping problems.
The Australian Anti-Doping Agency (ASADA) attaches great importance to anti-doping education and services. In order to protect the integrity of national sports, an anti-doping service website was established at 1997. All members of the Australian sports community can use this service website to participate in a series of anti-doping education projects. The service website provides free and easy-to-use online educational tools, including online courses and videos. The website also set up a mobile application to list supplements sold in Australia, which greatly reduced the risk of positive testing. In addition, it also contains modules that can be used to report doping, check whether drugs are banned during exercise, feedback test tasks to ASADA, and complete online education. In addition, ASADA is the first country in the world to introduce virtual reality (vr) technology into anti-doping education.
Canada [5] Sports Ethics Organization (CCES) is the executive body of Canadian Anti-Doping Program (CADP). It cooperates with sports organizations, athletes and coaches to achieve doping-free sports in Canada and protect athletes' right to compete in a fair and ethical sports environment. Sports ethics organizations provide online education and customized e-learning programs to many organizations and groups to maximize the dissemination of anti-doping information to athletes at all levels, and also provide athletes with? Outreach? Service, which not only shows or publicizes interesting and knowledgeable contents to athletes in the activities, but also provides services for athletes to answer questions.
1.2 anti-doping education model in China
China Anti-Doping Center, established in 2007, is a specialized anti-doping agency in China. Prevention first, education first? The principle of anti-doping work is that education is the top priority of anti-doping work, and anti-doping education is carried out through three modes: access system, expansion activities and educational lectures [6].
Access system. Access system is the first anti-doping education model in China and an important embodiment of the national system in anti-doping education. At present, the access system is mainly applicable to the qualification access to participate in large-scale competitions. All participating athletes and auxiliary personnel are required to receive anti-doping education, pass the knowledge test, take a centralized oath, sign an anti-doping commitment letter, and pass the examination and approval before they can qualify for the competition.
Expand activities. Outreach activities refer to the dissemination of anti-doping knowledge in an entertaining way during sports activities such as large-scale competitions and training camps, through various ways such as exhibition board publicity, on-site Q&A, interactive consultation, display and fun activities.
Educational lectures. Education lectures are mainly aimed at the participants and managers of sports to conduct face-to-face anti-doping education lectures to help them understand the extreme importance of anti-doping, the current situation of anti-doping work and China's zero tolerance attitude towards doping, aiming at popularizing anti-doping knowledge and improving the awareness and ability of sports participants.
2 China anti-doping education model analysis
The three modes of anti-doping education in China complement each other, and jointly guarantee the smooth progress of anti-doping work in China. The access system is mandatory, requiring athletes and auxiliary personnel to receive and complete five stages of anti-doping education before the competition. This kind of compulsory education will help athletes and auxiliary personnel who have not received or disdain anti-doping education to improve their anti-doping awareness and ability. Expanding activities are entertaining, which can capture the hearts of athletes and auxiliary personnel. This educational model is neither boring nor boring, and it can improve participants' anti-doping awareness and ability in communication and games. The educational lectures are highly professional and are given face-to-face by experts related to anti-doping work. The teaching content is more specific and professional, and it can answer questions better. Education lecture is the most comprehensive anti-doping education model. However, with the development of the times, the three existing educational models in China have exposed some drawbacks.
First of all, education has limitations. Anti-doping education in China must be full coverage, full cycle, normalization and institutionalization. The existing three educational models are only conducted during competitions or activities, and lack of daily education, which leads to the failure to achieve full coverage and normalization. Secondly, education lacks continuity. These three modes of education are temporary or one-off. As soon as the competition or activity is over, education will soon be over, and continuous education is needed to truly realize anti-doping awareness. Finally, education lacks innovation. 2 1 century is the internet age, and most of the three educational models are limited to? Face to face? Some can't keep pace with the times. Although the access system has realized online access since 20 17, there are still some problems that need to be further improved.
3 New Mode of Anti-Doping Education in China
On the basis of three existing anti-doping education models, we should improve and innovate. First of all, we can establish an online anti-doping education platform for athletes. Athletes should receive regular online anti-doping education from joining the team to retiring, and take the educational achievements as the basis for participating in the competition, not just the pre-competition education, so as to truly normalize and institutionalize the admission system; Secondly, an anti-doping education app can be developed, which not only has the common access functions such as news trends and related documents, but also has the functions of drug nutrition inquiry, TUE application video, doping inspection operation video and other training videos, so as to facilitate sports participants to receive education and solve doubts at any time; Finally, it is also an educational model to strengthen the scientific research of anti-doping education, cooperate with all provinces and cities in China, and let all provinces participate in anti-doping education research, improve their understanding of education and consciously do their own education work.