Civil servants refer to staff members who perform public duties according to law and are included in the state administrative establishment, and their wages and benefits are borne by the state finance. According to the nature, characteristics and management needs of positions, civil servant positions are divided into comprehensive management, professional technology and administrative law enforcement.

According to the Civil Servant Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Servant Law), in the State Council, if there are special positions that need to be managed separately, other positions can be added. Civil servants are divided into leadership positions and non-leadership positions.

The levels of leadership positions are divided into: national chief, national deputy, provincial chief, provincial deputy, bureau chief, bureau deputy, county deputy, county deputy, township deputy and township deputy. The level of non-leadership positions is set below the bureau level.

With the rapid enhancement of national administrative functions, it is urgent to reform the appointment system of civil servants and improve administrative efficiency. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, several major western countries successively established civil service systems.