It should be 48 or 58. Sima Qian was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Sima Tan was born in Longmen in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (before 145) and in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of Han Dynasty (before 135). He is a profound scholar, who has deep research on astronomy, history and philosophy. His article "Six Classics" made a brief and unique comment on the main theories of the pre-Qin period. This is undoubtedly of great significance to Sima Qian's early education. When he was nearly ten years old, Sima Qian moved to Chang 'an with his father, took office as Taishiling, and began to study ancient literature biography. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo. At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Soon, he became a doctor, bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and accompanied him to the Western Seas many times, and sent envoys to Bashu. Sima Tan died in the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10 BC). In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), he signed a calendar with Luo to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. In the second year of Tian Han (99 BC), Li Ling fought against the Huns, and after a vigorous battle, she was defeated and surrendered. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu. After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is the first biography of China, with a volume of 130 and more than 520,000 words. It consists of five styles: biographical, biographical, biographical and biographical. Benji is the outline of the whole book, which describes the political traces of monarchs or actual rulers in the past dynasties in a chronological way. "Table" lists the major events in various historical periods in tabular form, which is the supplement and connection of the narrative of the whole book; "Book" is a record of special matters such as astronomy, calendar, water conservancy and economy. Shijia is a biography of hereditary families and people who sacrificed in previous dynasties, such as Confucius and Chen Sheng. Biographies are biographies of all kinds of people outside the family and family, some of which record the history of all ethnic groups in the marginal areas of China. Through these five different styles, Historical Records cooperate with each other and complement each other, forming a complete historical system. Historical Records is listed as the first official history of China. Since then, the compilation of "official history" has never stopped, and it has merged into a long river of literary history, which can be called a miracle in the history of world historiography. Lu Xun's Outline of the History of Han Literature called the historical records "a masterpiece of historians, with no rhyme in Li Sao", and Notes on the Old Instruments of Han History: "Sima Qian's biography of Zhai Jing is extremely short, which was criticized by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later Li Ling was taken and the mausoleum fell. Guo Moruo's "About the Death of Sima Qian": "Death in prison is bound to spread around the world, so Wei Hong and Ge Hong wrote about it, and dared not make it out of nothing to distort historical facts. "In 93 BC (a surname four years), 53 years old, as a secretariat. It fell in 93 BC.