In 794, Kyoto became the capital of Japan, and it was named "Ping An Jing". It has a history of 1200 years. Since its construction, it has experienced numerous historical storms, and the changes are considerable. However, the most advanced technology and equipment are always introduced from time to time, which has made great contributions to the development of industry, economy and culture. Today, it also shows the charm of ancient but not old.
At the same time, Kyoto has completely preserved more than 1000 years of historical and cultural heritage. The existence of ancient architecture, led by temples and shrines, has become a witness of history. Various ceremonies and exquisite handicraft techniques fully show the children's will to inherit and develop. Ancient Kyoto was a huge city. It is about 5.2 kilometers long from north to south and 4.7 kilometers long from east to west. With Zhuque Road as the center (about 85m wide), it was divided into sakyo and Youjing, with a population of 6.5438+0.5 million. There are state-run markets in sakyo and Quiet respectively, which store rich products from all over the country. Handicraft industry is also directly operated by the government. High-tech talents gather here.
In the north of the ancient capital, there are the emperor's royal residence and government agencies. It is the center of Japanese politics. Headed by the emperor, nobles, officials and warriors all live here. Surrounded by the official residence of government officials, the house is orderly, forming a bureaucratic street.
Willow and cherry blossoms are planted alternately, such as brocade. The capital itself has the landscape of Japan's heyday, and great changes have taken place in the middle of 10 century after 200 years. Because the secluded path is a swamp, it is not suitable for living, and the population is gradually decreasing, thus losing the color of the city style and returning to the pastoral scene of the past. The population gradually concentrated in sakyo area, crossed the city boundary, and developed to the east or even north of Yachuan River.
However, Ping An Jing failed to maintain its uniform appearance. During the period from 1 1 century to12nd century, Pingan Jing had a new name-Kyoto.
The name Kyoto was given by people in the early Middle Ages. The weakness of the imperial court contributed to the birth of the samurai regime. As the capital of a country, Kyoto has also become a mirage. Erjia Town on the east bank of Yachuan River became the base of samurai regime, and Dongshan area formed a new urban landscape.
History is not so simple. In the Middle Ages, Kyoto became the center of the rise of new Buddhism, and many temples were built in the foothills of Beishan, Dongshan and Xishan. Apart from the East Temple and the West Temple, there can be no other temples in Ping 'an in principle, but with the support of the citizens, they have been continuously built. In the13rd century,14th century and15th century, as a religious and cultural city, Kyoto was endowed with a unique new landscape and personality.
In medieval Kyoto, citizens' civic activities were very active. In the past, most commercial workers engaged in state-owned industries were forced to be independent because of the decline of the industry at any time, and set up their own "seats"-joint combinations to safeguard their commercial rights and interests. More than a generation ago, the industry made the industrial economy develop unprecedentedly. This momentum has also affected management and culture. The realization of urban common sense has been faithfully reflected in the Gion Festival. At the same time, Kyoto has also developed into the largest commercial and industrial city in Japan.
However, in the second half of 1 1 century, the finally built city suffered a devastating blow because of civil strife-the chaos of benevolence and civilization. It took nearly 500 years to reply. Even so, it is impossible to go back to the way it used to be. A complete Kyoto is divided into two areas, with an idyllic area of nearly 2 kilometers in the middle.
The urban landscape at this time lasted for about a century. After the reunification of political power, Toyotomi Hideyoshi carried out a fundamental and thorough transformation of Kyoto. First of all, the gap between the two regions was buried, and the overall planning was carried out to restore and integrate the whole Kyoto. Since the founding of Kyoto, aborigines have been built in the surrounding areas for the first time. The palace is the emperor's palace, newly built in the city center. The newly-built Zhu Ledi (the name of the palace) is magnificent.
As a result, Kyoto began to enter modern times. The Toyotomi regime, followed by the Tokugawa regime, significantly revived shrines and monasteries, and restored the city to the appearance of a religious and cultural city since the middle of the world. The characteristics of industrial cities have also been significantly restored.
Especially at the end of 17, Xiqian District became a world-famous textile area.
But this has not been developed for a long time. From18th century to19th century, three fires in Baoyong, Tian Ming and Yuan Zhi caused the loss of residual weight in Kyoto. People actively carried out restoration and construction, and the post-disaster recovery of the Yuan Zhi fire continued until the Meiji period.
Kyoto, which was deprived of its capital status in the Edo period, resumed its capital status in the early Meiji period. But for political reasons, the capital moved back to Tokyo again. The protests and demonstrations of Kyoto citizens failed to stop the emperor's actions. In the past, the royal aristocrats and powerful citizens also moved away.
Kyoto fell into crisis and lost its former prosperity. However, Kyoto people, in a spirit of never giving up, are trying their best to rebuild the ruins after the fire. Amid the criticism from all sides, we have carried out bold reforms-in order to transport energy and ensure water resources, we have carried out water conservancy construction in Lake Biwa, carried out technological innovation in the textile industry of West Railway Station, and built new workshops. , solid progress.
Based on the centennial plan, in the 28th year of Shi Zhi, the 4th "National Service Expo" was held to commemorate 1 100. Thirty-seven years after Meiji, the will to innovate was more implemented, and the "three major undertakings" began in the 20th century. To this end, the government has invested heavily and made efforts as long as 10. This makes Kyoto truly accept the great transformation commensurate with modernity.
Modern Kyoto survived the Second World War and developed in many ways. It has produced world-famous academic institutions, cutting-edge industries and famous cultural heritage resorts.
However, Kyoto people are not complacent, they are advancing with the times. Without these, a metropolis of 1200 may disappear in the fire of history forever.
Kyoto is not a museum city, but a famous historical city.
Capital of Japan: Tokyo
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is a modern international city, located at the southern end of Kanto Plain in Honshu. It governs 23 special zones, 27 cities, 5 towns, 8 villages, Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, with a total area of 2 155 square kilometers and a population of about12.29 million (as of February 2003), making it one of the most populous cities in the world.
More than 500 years ago, Tokyo was a small fishing town with a sparse population, which was then called Edo. 1457, a military commander named OTA Taoist Temple built Edo City here. Since then, it has become the commercial center of kanto region. 1603, Japan established a centralized Tokugawa shogunate, and people from all over Japan gathered, and Edo City quickly developed into a national political center. According to records, at the beginning of the19th century, the population of Edo has exceeded one million. 1868, after the Meiji Restoration in Japan, the emperor moved here from Kyoto and changed Edo to Tokyo, becoming the capital of Japan. 1943, the Japanese government issued a decree to change Tokyo to Tokyo, expanding its jurisdiction.
Tokyo is the political center of Japan. Administrative, legislative, judicial and other state organs are concentrated here. Shimonoseki, known as Guanting Street, is the seat of the National Assembly Hall, the Supreme Court and government agencies affiliated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Education. What used to be Edo City is now Miyagi, where the Emperor lives.
Tokyo is also the economic center of Japan. Major Japanese companies are concentrated here. Most of them are distributed in Chiyoda District, Central District and Port Area. Tokyo, Yokohama in the south and Chiba in the east together form the famous Keihama Leaf Industrial Zone in Japan. The main industries are steel, shipbuilding, machine building, chemical industry, electronics, leather, motor, fiber, petroleum, publishing, printing and precision instruments. Tokyo's financial industry and commerce are developed, and domestic and foreign commercial activities are frequent. Ginza, known as "the heart of Tokyo", is the most prosperous business district in this area.
Tokyo is also the cultural and educational center of Japan. Various cultural institutions are dense, including 80% publishing houses, large and advanced national museums, western art galleries and national libraries. Universities in Tokyo account for one-third of the total number of Japanese universities, and students studying in these universities account for more than half of the total number of college students in China. As an international metropolis, Tokyo often hosts various international cultural exchange activities, such as Tokyo Music Festival and Tokyo International Film Festival.
The transportation in Tokyo is very convenient. The Shinkansen with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour extends from Tokyo to Kyushu and then to the northeast. The subway can reach almost all important areas. Railway, highway, aviation and shipping form a transportation network extending in all directions, leading to the whole country and all over the world.