In domestic higher education, there is not only competition between public education and private education, but also competition between general education and vocational education. At the same time, with the upsurge of studying abroad, domestic higher education is also facing the competition from foreign higher education. To this end, the Ministry of Education has continuously strengthened and promoted the cooperation between Chinese and foreign higher education. Under the guidance of national policies, higher education pays attention to "improving the quality of personnel training" and "improving the level of scientific research". Key areas such as Beijing and Guangdong Province take the lead in developing school-run industries and strengthening school-enterprise cooperation. After more than 20 years of development, colleges and universities have used their own advantages to establish scientific and technological enterprises, which have played an important role in the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements and the development of high-tech industries. Among them, "Founder of Peking University" and "Tongfang of Tsinghua" have emerged. It is generally believed that when the gross enrollment rate of higher education is below 15%, it belongs to the elite education stage, and 15%~50% is the popularization stage of higher education. Higher education includes academic education and non-academic education. Academic education mainly includes four levels: general college (higher vocational and junior college), undergraduate (including undergraduate), master and doctor.
General higher education refers to the undergraduate education that mainly recruits high school graduates for full-time study or the postgraduate education that recruits full-time or part-time ordinary graduates through the national unified postgraduate entrance examination. Ordinary colleges and universities refer to public undergraduate colleges, independent colleges, private colleges, vocational and technical colleges and junior colleges that are approved to be held in accordance with the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, with ordinary high school graduates as the main training targets, and implement higher education at this junior college stage. According to the different batches of college entrance examination, undergraduate courses are also divided into one, two and three, but they all belong to the same level, the same level (that is, undergraduate education level). At the same time, undergraduate courses are divided into "key undergraduate universities" (universities built with "world-class universities and first-class disciplines") and "ordinary undergraduate universities". "Key undergraduate colleges" and "ordinary undergraduate colleges" only focus on differences, and there is no essential difference. The former focuses on theoretical research, while the latter focuses on theory and practical application. General higher education is one of the measures of China Higher Education Training Plan and the main measure of China Higher Education Training Plan.
Legal basis:
People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) Higher Education Law
Article 2 This Law is applicable to higher education activities in People's Republic of China (PRC). The term "higher education" as mentioned in this Law refers to the education implemented on the basis of completing senior secondary education.
Article 3 The State adheres to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory and follows the basic principles set by the Constitution to develop socialist higher education.
Article 4 Higher education must implement the national education policy, serve the socialist modernization and the people, and combine with productive labor and social practice, so that the educated can become socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Article 5 The task of higher education is to cultivate senior professionals with social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability, develop science, technology and culture, and promote socialist modernization.