/kloc-what are the characteristics of the development of German education in the 0/9th century? /kloc-the rapid development of Germany in the 0 th and 9 th centuries surpassed that of Britain and France mainly depends on education and talents, right? /kloc-in the 9th century, both Germany's educational theory and practice attracted the attention of European and American countries. During this period, a large number of educators who had an important influence on the world appeared in Germany, such as Humboldt, Fichte, Hegel, Herbart, Stilwell and Froebel.

I. preschool and primary education

1840, Froebel officially named the preschool education institution he established in 1837 as kindergarten, which marked the birth of the first kindergarten in the world.

During this period, Germany's primary education has reached the forefront of other European and American countries. In the 1960s, the primary school enrollment rate reached over 95%. 1885, Prussia implemented free primary education. By the end of 19, the enrollment rate of primary education in Germany reached 100%, and the illiteracy rate was lower than 1%.

In order to improve the quality of primary education, normal education has been greatly developed in this century. Before the 19 world, teachers were mainly craftsmen and veterans who had no teaching ability. 1808, Humboldt sent 17 teachers to Pestalozzi. 1809, Berlin Normal School was the earliest institution to train teachers, and later other normal schools were established one after another. Most of these normal schools train future teachers according to Pestalozzi's spirit and methods, and their ideas are relatively progressive.

Second, secondary education.

/kloc-German secondary education in the 0 th and 9 th centuries is divided into liberal arts secondary schools and practical secondary schools. Humboldt was appointed Minister of Education of Prussia in 1808 and left office in 18 10. Although he didn't hold office for a long time, his "Koenigsberg Plan" and "Ritunian School Plan" were put into practice by successors, which had an important impact on the German secondary education revolution in the19th century.

Third, higher education.

Humboldt founded the University of Berlin. The University of Berlin was established when the country lost its independence and the economy was very difficult. It can be said that people have given it high hopes for national rejuvenation from the beginning. Humboldt believes that the state can't let universities only serve immediate interests, and treat universities as higher classical Chinese schools or classical colleges. Instead, we should consider the long-term interests and let universities continuously improve their academic research, thus creating broader prospects for national development. The University of Berlin has complete autonomy. Professors and students enjoy the freedom of research and study. Secondly, hire professors who have both spiritual academic attainments and superb skills. Third, attach importance to academic research and cultivate students' research ability.