First, fully understand the students and prepare for the work of the class teacher in the future.
A comprehensive understanding of students is the basis of class management for class teachers, especially for new classes. While fully understanding the students, the class teacher should pay attention to prevent one-sidedness, try to avoid the negative effects caused by various adverse effects, and strive to be objective and in-depth. The head teacher can fully understand the students by knowing the former head teacher, investigating the relevant students and talking individually.
To fully understand students, we must first understand each student's personality and temperament. Due to the differences of students' personalities, students' personality characteristics and temperament are different: in a class group, there are passionate people and aloof people; Some dare to do it, and some are timid; There are both advanced and backward ... the head teacher should understand the personality characteristics of each student through in-depth and comprehensive understanding, and lay a solid foundation for the future work of the head teacher.
Learning cultural and scientific knowledge is the main task of students. Therefore, in order to fully understand students, we should focus on their learning attitude, existing intelligence status and existing basic knowledge level. In a class group, there are both studious scholars and unintentional scholars; There are both quick-witted people and simple-minded people with developed limbs; People who have intelligence but have no learning purpose, and those who study hard and have poor grades ... So the class teacher has a comprehensive understanding of the students' existing knowledge level and intelligence, and is fully prepared for future study guidance and making various plans.
A comprehensive understanding of students should also include a preliminary understanding of the various situations of each student's family and the expectations of parents for their children. "Family is the primary group of human beings" ② and "Different families provide different parenting and education conditions for their children" ③ However, "for various reasons, each family has both positive and negative effects on the education of their children. Some family education even conflicts with children's education and class management. " (4) The emergence of the only child and the economic prosperity make modern family education (especially in rural areas) diverse. Judging from the family's requirements for children: some are promising and some are indifferent; Some are too strict, some are too indulgent ... In terms of the educational means adopted by the family, some are reasonable, and some are moving sticks; ..... From the analysis of parents' own quality, some are law-abiding, some are illegal, and even a few have no national laws ... From the perspective of the construction of each family, single parents, divorces and mistresses are very complicated. In the process of educating students, as class teachers, we can't ignore every family. Its educational environment and parental style play a subtle role in the formation of students' behavior habits and qualities.
The head teacher should carefully understand each student's physical and mental condition, their experience, their past, present and future attitudes, their family environment, choose and use appropriate methods and means to educate students according to different situations, and do a good job in class collective work.
Second, form a class collective.
An experienced class teacher, who has just received a class, will first set out to form a class collective. The formation of class collective generally starts from the following four aspects: establishing the common goal of class collective; (2) Selecting and training class cadres; (3) Improve various rules and regulations; (4) Cultivate correct public opinion and good class spirit.
(1) Establish the common goal of the class.
The goal of the class collective is the blueprint to be realized by the class collective, and it is "a banner for class members to get together". It should be psychologically recognized by the whole class. The collective goal of the class is not decided by the class teacher or individual student cadres. Only by combining the opinions of the whole class and brainstorming can the goal become the hope of students and have the greatest appeal and appeal. The head teacher should pay attention to the following problems when guiding the whole class to set goals: first, the overall goal should not be too high, as long as it can be achieved through the efforts of the group; Second, each sub-goal should not conflict with the overall goal, and there should be a certain gradient between each sub-goal; Third, the set goals should conform to the objective reality and proceed from the current situation of the class; Fourth, the goal should reflect the team spirit, so that every member of the class has a common feeling: our collective is an inspiring collective, and everyone is adding luster to the collective.
In the process of realizing the class goal, the head teacher should not only pay attention to the whole class, but also pay attention to the wishes and needs of the individual members of the class. The head teacher should deeply understand and study the students' individual goals, and educate students to put the collective common goals first and the collective interests first. Strive to guide students' individual goals to be consistent with the common goals of the class collective, and ensure that the common goals of the collective and the individual goals of the students are achieved.
(2) Select and train class cadres.
Class cadres are the right-hand man of the class teacher in charge of the class collective. "To build a strong class collective and realize the common goal of the class collective, there must be a group of class cadres and activists who unite around the head teacher to form the core of class leadership." Therefore, the selection and training of class cadres is an important part of the construction of class teachers and class collectives.
When selecting class cadres, we should pay attention to the combination of democracy and centralization, and select some students who are academically excellent, concerned about the collective and have the ability of organization and management. And strict with the class cadres, always remember that they are class cadres, set an example for the collective, unite and help each other in the class collective, and strive to win the trust of all students and establish prestige with their exemplary behavior.
The head teacher not only pays attention to the selection of class cadres, but also pays attention to passing on, helping and bringing. In the process of class management, both tasks and methods are handed in; Not only check their work completion, but also help them sum up their experiences and lessons, so that they can get exercise in practical work, increase their knowledge, cultivate their abilities and give full play to their backbone and exemplary role.
(3) Improve various rules and regulations.
The so-called "national law" and "family rules". Therefore, an advanced class group must have a set of sound rules and regulations. Including work and rest system, classroom and self-study system, labor system, student code, reward and punishment assessment and many other regulations. Requiring students to implement the class study and life system can not only enable students to study, work, rest and participate in various recreational activities rhythmically according to a certain life order, but also help to cultivate their organizational ability; Conducive to the formation of their collective concept and civilized behavior; It is conducive to cultivating them into qualified socialist "four haves" citizens.
The rules and regulations in the class collective are not the product of the class teacher and a few class cadres, nor are they concocted by the class teacher and then enforced by various means, which can only cause students' fear and anxiety. This is because: in daily life, who wants others to close themselves up with rules and regulations? The rules and regulations in the class collective should be the embodiment of the consensus of all class members and the strong demand of all students for realizing the class collective goal. In the process of formulation, we should speak freely, accept the opinions and suggestions of the whole class and brainstorm. In this way, the rules and regulations in the class collective are made by themselves, not by others, and they are willing to accept the constraints of various rules and regulations in the class collective. Because the rules and regulations of the class collective are formulated with the participation of all the students, everyone makes suggestions, and the system should be a conscious and positive discipline system.
It is worth noting that students should consciously implement rules and regulations. First of all, the rationality of the demand system should reflect the objective needs of actual activities and be consistent with the needs of various tasks, rather than being formulated subjectively; Secondly, the content of the system should be observed by every student without exception; Thirdly, the regulations in the system should not exceed the ability limits of students, and should take care of the age characteristics of primary school students, from near to far, from simple to complex, step by step. The head teacher should pay attention to students' different personality characteristics when guiding students to abide by and implement various rules and regulations; Finally, after the rules and regulations are formulated, students are required to strictly and consciously abide by and implement them. They must also explain the meaning and content of rules and regulations, and conduct repeated training to form habits through perseverance. For example, to educate students to be honest children, we must first let them know the meaning of honesty. For example, in order for students to observe discipline, we must first understand the truth of observing discipline.
In the process of implementation, we should implement a democratic management model in which everyone participates, advocate mutual supervision, and make everyone equal before the system without specialization. As a member of the class group, the head teacher is no exception. On the contrary, in the process of the management and construction of the class-grasping collective, the class teacher must lead by example and always influence the students with exemplary behavior. The class teacher's exemplary behavior is a kind of silent education for students, and it also exerts a subtle influence on students, even affecting their lives. For example, when I was a head teacher, the rules and regulations in my class stipulated that boys were not allowed to have long hair. I took the lead, and since then, I've had a flat head. Until now. Over the years, all the boys in my class have followed my example, bid farewell to their long hair, and many students have followed me in getting a crew cut. Some students still got a crew cut after work.
(4) Cultivate correct public opinion and good class spirit.
"A good class style is a great educational force and an invisible and silent teacher. Its influence is not limited by time and space, and it plays a role all the time, prompting every student to be positive. " ⑦ Another example is "Only by forming correct public opinion and good class spirit in the class collective can the collective distinguish right from wrong, good from evil, beautiful and ugly, strengthen the body and suppress evil, carry forward the advantages of the collective, resist the erosion of bad thoughts and habits, and make the collective have great educational power and become the main body of education". It can be seen that it is of great and far-reaching significance to cultivate correct public opinion orientation and good class spirit in the education of class teachers.
The formation of a good class spirit depends on the formation of correct public opinion. The more popular the correct atmosphere of collective public opinion is, the stronger the class collective will be. The head teacher should be good at combining the social legal system with the current situation and regulations of schools and classes, and organize class members to carry out various beneficial activities such as "learning from Lai Ning" and "learning from Lei Feng". We often help them improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong. Combined with students' reality, this paper analyzes all kinds of wrong ideas and bad behaviors in the class, and organizes students to discuss some events involving principles that students fail to understand correctly, so as to distinguish right from wrong and deepen their understanding. Whipping the power of public opinion through class collectives is the so-called "bull talk." Various praise, criticism and self-criticism activities are also carried out to enhance students' awareness and ability of self-management and self-education. Promote the formation of correct public opinion in the class in order to achieve the goal of "becoming a common practice". So as to guide the collective public opinion to the right side and establish and cultivate students' correct world outlook, outlook on life and right and wrong. Form a socialist moral outlook.
Third, give priority to encouraging praise and give positive guidance.
There is an old saying: "It is better to win a prize than dozens." As Sue Holinsky said, "From the first day of school, children should be good at discovering and constantly consolidating and developing all the good things in them. If on the contrary, educators only focus on eradicating bad habits, it is impossible to cultivate firm moral beliefs. " Pet-name ruby In the usual work of the head teacher, we should grasp the psychological characteristics of pupils' competitiveness, encourage praise, make good use of the art of praise, set up more new images, examples and models, and stimulate students' self-motivation, self-esteem and collectivism.
Immersing students in countless praise environments actually contains a lot of criticism. For students who are not praised, it is like being criticized invisibly, but this criticism is often easily accepted by students, and all students are secretly striving for praise. The head teacher should also be good at discovering the bright spots of students, even if it is only a little bit of a sign at first, but this "single spark" must never be extinguished, and we must try our best to fan it and make it a "fire that starts a prairie fire". In the face of students' achievements, even if they get a little occasionally, successful class teachers often praise them vigorously, improve the situation and encourage students to go up a storey still higher. The six-year class I served last year was recognized as the worst class in the whole school. I am not disciplined enough to study. It can be said that I have done nothing good and everything bad, which can be described as "nothing". When I first took over this class, I found that they were good at sports, so I decided to lead them to carry out sports training purposefully and organized to prepare for the school sports meeting in the fourth week. As a result, the results of our class group are far ahead, ranking first in the whole school, which is also the first time in the history of this class. Together with the whole class, I carefully summed up the main experience of this achievement: mainly from the unity, cooperation and efforts of the group. He spared no effort to praise most excellent students one by one, even those who joined the cheerleading team. At the same time, he took advantage of the situation and put forward the idea of winning the top three in the "three activities" evaluation of the school next week to all the students. The whole class was so excited that they decided to try again. From this moment on, "the trees are flourishing and the flowers are blooming in spring", and the students make their best efforts for the collective in my praise and appreciation. As a result, until graduation, the champions of various school activities (not just three activities) must belong to our class. Whenever I get the ranking, I always forget to give them a detailed summary, encourage them, give them more rewards (mainly spiritual encouragement), and then lead them to win the top spots in the class and the whole school in the study of various subjects. After a year's guidance and the unremitting efforts of the students, when I graduated, the quality inspection of all subjects in my class jumped to the first place in the town.
Fourth, teach students in accordance with their aptitude and do a good job in counseling students at all levels.
Counseling does not refer to the counseling of underachievers or students with learning difficulties, but to students at all levels. Counseling, especially individual counseling, is an important means to do a good job of class teachers, and the key to doing individual counseling is to find the "root cause" and prescribe the right medicine.
The methods of counseling from the aspects of personality and temperament are as follows: (1) For students with quick comprehension and strong self-esteem, they should generally be subtle, "circuitous" and tactfully worded. ⑵ For timid and introverted students, we should take humor seriously and educate them in a relaxed and happy atmosphere. (3) For those lazy and stubborn students, we should "combine rigidity with softness" and sometimes "strike with a heavy hammer" to save them. (4) For students who lack self-confidence, they should be patient, generally starting with praise and implementing appreciation education.
There are ways to help advanced and backward students: (1) For students with excellent ideas and achievements, we should implement the guiding ideology of "adding goodness to them" and "pass the parcel needs a heavy hammer" to make them develop in a better direction. As the saying goes, "no one is perfect", there must be no mistake of "covering up all the shame with one good thing". Generally speaking, everyone will love those students with excellent academic performance, which is understandable. But for underachievers, we should cherish them and become close friends with them. According to their personality characteristics, we should be meticulous and down-to-earth, do ideological work in their hearts, be meticulous and patient, and constantly transform underachievers. (3) For middle-level students (that is, students who are neither advanced nor backward), there is a local saying: "Advanced people are the most active, backward people are the most backward, and middle-level people are the most negative." Because of the special status of middle school students in the class group, they are less than the upper class and more than the lower class, which is easy to form the bad habit of "being a monk for one day and reading the Bible for one day". Aimless, learning attitude is not correct enough, which requires the class teacher to strengthen purposeful education for such students, focusing on correcting their learning attitude ideologically, and encouraging them to keep up with advanced students and advance to the advanced ranks.
For disabled students, because they have lived in an environment of discrimination and sarcasm for a long time, there is only ridicule, abuse and discrimination in their lives, and there is no laughter, happiness and warmth. Therefore, most disabled students (especially in rural areas) behave strangely and have extreme behaviors. As a class teacher, we should pay more attention to these students, mobilize the whole class to help them, care for them and love them, so that these students can feel the warmth of the class, promote emotional integration and mutual trust among students, and cultivate a good fashion of mutual help and love in the class. The head teacher should also encourage them to make up their minds and take "Zhang Haidi" as an example, and encourage them to face life bravely, dare to challenge themselves and strive to be a person who can make a difference in society.
Five, contact the family, and strive to achieve the combination of family education and school education.
Family is the most reliable force for a class teacher to educate students well. The head teacher should actively get in touch with parents, give play to their positive side, and strive to make family education consistent with school education. In the process of contact, we should exchange information, cooperate and support each other, strive for the positive force of family education and jointly educate students.
There are many ways to contact parents, such as home visits, letters and visits, telephone contact, parent-teacher conferences, etc. Pay attention to the following points when contacting parents:
(1) When holding a parent-teacher conference, focus on the tendentiousness in the class and the requirements for students, or praise one or two or a few advanced or excellent students, and don't criticize the poor students by name, so as not to dampen parents' self-esteem.
(2) During home visits, parents should report the students' situation in two parts, and talk about their advantages and disadvantages, so as to encourage students to correct their shortcomings in time and strive for the best. Avoid one-sided practices such as only complaining at home, only reporting worries, not reporting good news, or only reporting good news, not reporting bad news.