The following is a detailed division of training:
First, from the functional division, it can be divided into five types.
1, "Let People Know" speech. This is a speech, whose main function is to convey information and clarify things. Its purpose is to make people know and understand. For example, the aesthetician Zhu Guangqian's speech "On Writing" talked about the preparation before writing, the genre, conception and material selection of the article, which made the audience understand the basic knowledge of writing. It is characterized by strong knowledge and accurate language.
2. "Let people believe" speech. The main purpose of this kind of speech is to make people trust and believe. It developed from the "let people know" speech. For example, Yun's speech "How to Be a Good Man" not only tells people who are not good people, but also puts forward three standards to measure good people. Through a series of rational discussions, people's old ideas have been changed. Its characteristics are unique and correct views, detailed and conclusive arguments, and reasonable and rigorous arguments.
3. "exciting" speech. This kind of speech is to excite the audience, resonate with your thoughts and feelings, and cheer. For example, Martin Luther King, the leader of the American black movement, used several of his "dreams" in his speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial to stimulate the self-esteem and self-improvement of the majority of black audiences and inspire them to fight for "being born equal".
4. "Touching" speech. This is a step further than an "exciting" speech, which can give the audience an idea of acting with the speaker. Former French President Charles de Gaulle's speech "A Letter to the French People" in London during World War II called on the French people to take action and join the ranks of anti-fascism. It is characterized by strong incitement and often ends in a language of call and appeal.
5. "Make people happy" speech. This is a speech, whose main function is to enliven the atmosphere, adjust the mood and make people happy. Mostly humor, jokes or teasing, usually appearing on festive occasions. There are many examples of such remarks, and people can hear them. It is characterized by material humor and language humor.
Secondly, it can be divided into three forms.
1. Propositional speech, that is, the speech made by others after preparing the topic or scope of speech. It includes two forms: full-proposition speech and semi-proposition speech. The topic of a full-proposition speech is generally determined by the speech organization department. A unit held a keynote speech on "Let Lei Feng's spirit shine in his post". In order to make the speakers focus on each other, three themes were drawn up, namely, sending love to every customer's heart, practicing skills and serving the people, starting from bit by bit, and asking three speakers to sort out materials and prepare speeches. Semi-propositional speech refers to the speech made by the speaker according to the scope defined by the organizational unit of speech activities. 1986, CCTV and Speech and Eloquence magazine jointly held the "Ten Cities Youth Speech Invitational Tournament", with the theme of "Four Educations", and the specific topics were drawn up by themselves. The characteristics of proposition speech are: clear theme, strong pertinence, stable content and complete structure.
2, impromptu speech, that is, the speaker made an impromptu speech on the scene, situation, things and characters in front of him without prior preparation. Such as wedding speech, welcome speech, funeral mourning, party speech, etc. Its characteristics are: strong sense of time, environment and short space. It requires the speaker to stick to the theme, grasp the beginning, combine quickly and be concise.
3. Debate speech refers to a face-to-face verbal confrontation between two or more people who hold different opinions on a certain issue. Its purpose is to uphold the truth, refute fallacies and distinguish right from wrong. For example, the court debate, diplomatic debate, sports debate and life debate that everyone has experienced are very common in our lives. Its characteristics are: tit-for-tat, close combat. Debate speech is more difficult than propositional speech and impromptu speech, which requires the speaker to have correct thinking, noble quality, strict logic and strong adaptability.
Thirdly, it can be divided into five types from the content.
1, political speech. All speeches about a political issue and political-related issues for a certain political purpose and motivation belong to this category. Including diplomatic speeches, military speeches, government work reports, political propaganda and so on.
2. Life speech. Refers to the speaker's speech on various problems, customs and phenomena existing in social life, and expresses the speaker's views, opinions and viewpoints on these issues. This kind of speech covers a wide range of contents, such as: family friendship, greetings, farewell, thanks and so on.
3. Academic speech. Refers to the speaker's speech on some systematic and specialized knowledge and knowledge. Generally speaking, it refers to special lectures in schools and other occasions. Generally speaking, it refers to special lectures, academic reports, academic speeches, academic comments, etc. in schools and other occasions. It must have three elements: scientific content, rigorous argumentation and accurate language. This is a big difference from other types of speeches.
4. Speech in court. That is, the speeches of the public prosecutor and the defense agent in court and the defense speech of the lawyer. Court speech has its outstanding characteristics: fairness and pertinence.
5. Religious speeches. Refers to all statements related to religious ceremonies and religious propaganda. It mainly includes sermons and some religious conference speeches. This kind of speech has little influence in our country, and few people listen to it and speak.
Because the contents, forms and functions of speeches are complex and diverse, it is impossible for us to make absolute unification and standards for the classification of the above speeches. The basic types introduced here are intended to provide some reference for speech lovers.