The Star is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in "the philosophy of love" all her life, and she thought that "with love, there is everything". In the Stars, she kept praising love. What she loves to praise most is maternal love. Bing Xin not only loves her parents, but also cherishes brotherhood. She loves her three younger brothers. In one of her later articles, she wrote a letter to a young reader. Thirteen, she also compared her three younger brothers to three bright stars. Bing Xin praised maternal love, human love and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praised nature, especially the sea she was familiar with as a child. Praising nature, childlike innocence and maternal love has become the eternal theme of Bing Xin's life creation.
"Spring Water" is a companion piece of "Stars", which consists of 182 short poems. It was also published in the morning paper first, but the spring water came out three months later than the stars.
In Spring Water, although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, affection, childlike innocence and nature, she has used more space to implicitly express the troubles and anguish of herself and her generation of young intellectuals. She tells her feelings in a gentle and sad tone, explores the meaning of life and expresses her desire to know the true nature of the world.
Aesop's Fables is a collection of fables. According to legend, Aesop was an ancient Greek in the 6th century BC and was good at telling animal stories. The existing Aesop's Fables is a story handed down from ancient Greece and Rome, which was collected by later generations and belongs to Aesop. Aesop's fables embody the truths in daily life, which we can't perceive through short fables. These short stories are concise and approachable. Not only has a large number of readers, but also has a great influence in the history of literature. Writers, poets, philosophers and ordinary people are all inspired and enjoyed. Many stories can really be said to be household names: the tortoise and rabbit race, the shepherd boy play, the wolf coming, and the fox saying that grapes are sour. Today, thousands of years later, Aesop's fables have become a model of western fable literature. It is also one of the most widely circulated classic works in the world.
Childhood is the first part of Gorky's famous autobiography trilogy. The trilogy is childhood (19 13), on earth (19 16) and my university (1923). The trilogy describes the growing process of "I". We can learn about Gorky's growth process.
robinson crusoe
Author: daniel defoe, British nationality
Robinson's personality: full of labor enthusiasm, greatness and perseverance.
It tells the story of Robinson, a maritime businessman in distress, drifting alone on a desert island. He overcame all kinds of unexpected difficulties, lived on the island for 28 years with tenacious will and scientific knowledge, and finally returned to his hometown after being rescued.
This paper embodies the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie, who dares to fight against the harsh environment.
Entomology is an excellent popular science book. Entomology is written by henri fabre, a famous French scientist and popular science writer. His greatest interest in life lies in exploring the true face of the life world and discovering that nature contains scientific truth. So when he wrote Insects, he paid attention to "accurately describing the observed facts, neither adding anything nor ignoring anything."
A brief introduction to Morning Flowers and Evening Picks;
This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Reviving the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, and added "introduction" and "postscript", renamed it "Morning Flowers". 1928 September was first published by Beijing Weiming Society and listed as one of the "unnamed new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929. In 1932
In September, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao.
Rickshaw Boy
Author: Lao She Nationality: China
Xiangzi, a simple and industrious young farmer, entered Beijing after bankruptcy and struggled with life with a tough character and stubborn attitude. The end of the struggle was that he failed to realize his dream of owning his own car.
Through the tragedy of a rickshaw puller in old Beijing, the novel expresses the author's deep concern and sympathy for the fate of working people struggling in the lower classes of society. Exposed the dark society that pushed Xiangzi into the abyss of depravity. It shows that it is not feasible to get rid of poverty by personal struggle.
Introduce how steel is made.
How steel was tempered
Nikolai ostrovsky (1904_ 1936) is a famous Bolshevik writer in the Soviet Union. Since the publication of his novel How Steel was Tempered, he and Paul Kochagin in the book have become friends and role models of millions of aspiring young people in the world.
1904, ostrovsky was born in a Ukrainian worker's family. His father is a seasonal worker in a brewery, and his mother is a cook in a big family. His family is very poor. So he only studied for three years, and at the age of ten he began to work to make a living. Ostrovsky has been engaged in various occupations, such as helping others release horses, working as a waiter in the station canteen, and working as an assistant fireman in a power plant. His poor and humiliating life cultivated his hatred and rebellious character towards the old world. /kloc-took an active part in revolutionary activities at the age of 0/3. 19 18, ostrovsky's hometown was occupied by the Germans. He risked his life to complete the task of collecting enemy information and posting revolutionary notices on castle wolfenstein sentry box, showing his wit, courage and fear of sacrifice, and winning the praise of his comrades.
1919 In July, the Communist Youth League was established in ostrovsky's hometown. He became the first generation of Communist Youth League members and joined the Red Army to fight against the White Bandit Army. The following year, in a fierce battle, his head and abdomen were injured in many places, and his right eye lost 80% of his vision because of the injury. Serious injuries forced Ostroff to leave the team. But as soon as the injury improved, he turned to labor construction with a high degree of revolutionary consciousness. First, I worked as an assistant electrician in a railway factory, and then I volunteered to join the commando team and put myself into the hard work of building railways. On the construction site, he contracted typhoid fever and rheumatism and was often in a coma. Not yet recovered from his serious illness, he actively participated in the intense labor of grabbing firewood on the Dnieper River. Due to long-term immersion in waist-deep ice water, rheumatism becomes more serious and quickly develops into polyarthritis and pneumonia. Since then, he has lost his minimum health, and it is getting worse. By 1929, he was paralyzed, blind and completely incapacitated, but he was not pessimistic at all. "As long as his heart has not stopped beating, he must make himself useful to the Party." Studying literary creation is a "life ticket" that ostrovsky found lying in his hospital bed.
At the end of 1927, ostrovsky wrote a novella about the growth and heroic battle of kotov cavalry brigade in the struggle against the disease. Two months later, when the novel was finished, he sealed it up and asked his wife to send it to the comrades of kotov Cavalry Brigade in Odessa for advice. Comrades enthusiastically evaluated the novel, but never expected that the manuscript was lost by the post office on the way back. This unexpected blow was too cruel for him, but it didn't dampen his strong will. While studying at Sverdlov Communist Correspondence University, he began to conceive a larger novel, How Steel was Tempered. The novel published by 1934 was a great success, and he was also accepted as a member of the Soviet Writers Association. Later, ostrovsky began to write another trilogy novel, Born in the Storm, in recognition of his creative work and outstanding contributions in literature. 1936 65438+In February, ostrovsky died in Moscow because of a serious illness.
The Journey to the West is a wonderful flower in the garden of ancient literature in China. Since its inception, it has spread like wildfire, sweeping the literary world, spreading stories and spreading among the people. It's really a household name, known to all women and children, and tastes both refined and popular. How can such a great book be solved by the word "dream"? Yes, The Journey to the West's artistic achievements, characterization and ideological content are all multifaceted and multi-angled.
Every time I turn to Journey to the West, I always feel different. It is the most vivid of the four classical novels. When I was a child, I always felt very enjoyable and interesting. But today, what remains unchanged is the bizarre and colorful mythical world, but my understanding has changed.
This is a classic that everyone loves to read. Everyone can get different feelings and inspirations when reading. Some people like its distinctive personality. Some people like its magnificent overall image; Some people like its vivid and humorous dialogue narration; Some people also study its historical background and social phenomena. But in my opinion, his tortuous plot hides people's yearning and unattainable ideal of life and human pursuit, that is freedom.
But at present, there are still many people in society who are bound by some worthless things, but enjoy it and feel very satisfied. After hundreds of years of exploration and development, people's demand for material is no longer urgent, but their demand for spiritual freedom has been obliterated for no reason. In a word, I think what modern people lack most is an open and enterprising spirit to seek the greatest freedom.
The Journey to the West, which has been tempered by the times, contains the spirit of freedom that people are most eager for in the new century ... I understand why it has been passed down to this day.
Never forget
Author: jules verne Nationality: French
Captain Nemo: Romantic and mysterious, loving freedom and loneliness.
Pierre Aronnax: Curious, brave and knowledgeable.
The story of French biologist Pierre Aronnax and Captain Nemo traveling in the deep sea.
If advanced science and technology and excellent facilities and equipment are used to do evil, what terrible and disastrous consequences will it bring to mankind.
Whose Biography: translated by romain rolland (French) and Fu Lei (China).
Biography of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy written by French writer romain rolland. The three authors of this book are all extremely talented great men in human history. Their lives are rich and colorful, and their works are profound and profound, which have influenced generations. Romain rolland firmly grasped the commonness of these three artists in their respective fields, did not change their original intention in their life journey, focused on depicting their psychological process of suffering, highlighted their lofty personality, fraternity and broad mind, and wrote a "heroic symphony" for us.
The Water Margin?
Author: Shi Naian Dynasty: Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty Nationality: China.
Song Jiang's story of mass uprising in Xuanhe period of Northern Song Dynasty (119-1121or so).
Song Jiang: Loyalty and filial piety.
For the first time, the hero image in the green forest, which has always been regarded as a scourge, was positively portrayed, revealing the internal meaning and external characteristics of the ancient green forest culture in China. It has become an important part of China culture and China national character.
A letter from Fu Lei
Author: Fu Lei Nationality: China
It is a collection of letters written by Fu Lei, a famous literary translator and critic in China, to his son. This article excerpts from Mr. Fu Lei 1954 to 1966.
The Essays of Bacon was written by Francis Bacon, a famous British thinker, politician and empiricist philosopher in the 7th century. This book is divided into several articles, such as knowledge, beauty, kindness, truth, health, family and friendship.
Bacon said in On Knowledge: "Human nature is like wild flowers and weeds, and knowledge learning is like pruning and transplanting." It can be seen that knowledge can change people's destiny and is very important in our life.
Gulliver's Travels describes the adventures of four countries: lilliputian country, adult country, flying island country and intelligent country from Gulliver's perspective.
Gulliver was shipwrecked and came to Lilliput. The residents here are only six inches tall and greedy, and the country has suffered from war. The author looks down on the absurdity and insignificance of human beings from the perspective of a giant and a condescending perspective.
Gulliver became curious, made a mistake and broke into the kingdom of Great Britain. The residents here are as tall as minarets, with excellent weapons and outstanding national prestige. The author looks up to the vulgarity and ruthlessness of human beings from the perspective of dwarfs.
Gulliver met pirates and visited the flying island country. The territory here is under control, and the cities and villages are decadent and barren. The author looks at the madness and evil nature of human beings with a normal heart.
Gulliver was betrayed and traveled all over the country. The rulers here are highly rational, and humanoid animals are evil and inferior. The author examines human nature from the perspective of rational animals.
The novel Jane Eyre, mainly through the twists and turns of the love story between Jane Eyre and Rochester, created a strong woman with humble origins and tortuous life path, but always insisted on maintaining independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocating equality in life and not bowing to life.
Tagore anthology
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)
Famous Indian poets and writers in modern times. I was obsessed with writing since I was a child, and I published poetry at the age of fourteen. He wrote more than 50 poems, 12 novellas, 100 short stories and more than 20 plays in his life. His poems inherit the excellent traditions of classical and folk literature, with fresh style, sincere feelings, meaningful artistic conception, beautiful language, profound philosophy and strong lyrical color. His works are full of patriotism, have high artistic achievements and occupy an extremely important position in Indian literature.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the poet translated his Bengali poems into eight English prose poems, which gained a far-reaching international reputation after being published in the West. 19 13 years, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature because he was "full of noble and far-reaching inspiration, developed his poetic talent in English, and integrated the beauty and freshness of western European literature".
Education of love
Author de Amicus country Italy
Main character
Enrico: Love the motherland, teachers, parents and friends. Enterprising, kind and sincere. Love the people and sympathize with all their misfortunes and pains.
The main plot records what he saw and heard in school, family and society within one year.
Writing features sincere and touching feelings, smooth and beautiful writing, simple and fresh writing.
The commentary expressed sincere love for the motherland, parents, teachers and friends through Enrico's diary. It shapes people with love and guides us to keep an enterprising, kind and sincere heart forever.
Stars and springs
Author Bing Xin (formerly known as Xie Wanying) China
The main character has no personality.
The main plot praises maternal love and innocence, worships and praises nature, and thinks and feels about life.
The writing features are concise. Sincere and deep feelings; The language is fresh and elegant, giving people endless aftertaste and enlightenment.
Comments express inner feelings and thoughts in a few sentences, which are short and meaningful; The language is fresh and elegant, crystal-clear and beautiful, clear and smooth, and has unique artistic charm.
Aesop's Fables
Aesop's country ancient Greece
The main character has no personality.
The main plot alludes to the social reality at that time and shows the life experience and wisdom of the working people.
Writing close-ups satirizes human shortcomings through animal images.
Comments originate from life and are higher than life, with a strong flavor of life and flashing the light of command.
childhood
Author Gorky country, former Soviet Union
Main character
Alisha: He is an observant and very sensitive child. He can distinguish between good and bad, and spent his childhood under the influence of his grandfather, grandmother and tenant and the pressure of real life.
Grandfather: Rough, stingy, greedy, bossy and heartless.
Grandma: Aletha's closest person, kind and intelligent, full of confidence in the beautiful essence of life, radiates brilliant brilliance to the people around her.
"Good thing": It was the first outstanding person Aletha met, and he left an indelible impression in Aletha's mind.
The main plot "Tzgang" describes the scene of Aletha's life in her grandfather's house.
The characteristic of this article is seriousness and low-key. Reproduce the vulgarity and suffering of the vulgar life of the citizens with the heart of childhood. The novel has strong appeal and can make any suffering and kind heart sigh. In a short space, there are many characters, but most of them have distinct personalities.
Although the whole work is about a painful past, it is full of bright optimism. On the other hand, the novel is described with a child's eyes, which casts a naive color on the tragic scene.
robinson crusoe
Author daniel defoe, English countryside
Main character
Robinson: It is a heroic image of an emerging bourgeoisie who demands freedom of personality, dares to take risks, works hard and pursues wealth.
Friday: The white prisoners rescued by Robinson are Robinson's loyal servants and friends.
The main plot is Robinson's process of challenging nature on a desert island alone.
Writing features are described and recalled by "I", telling stories to readers, and often taking evidence from Robinson's diary to depict the subtle ideological activities of characters. Simple and easy to understand. The most striking feature is the detailed description of food.
In fact, everyone in downtown doesn't feel lonely. Robinson Crusoe, who lives on a desert island, is our bosom friend. Robinson Crusoe makes everyone find their own shadow in it.
insectology
Author Fabres French
The main character has no personality.
The main plot truly records the life of insects and reflects the social life through the insect world.
Writing about characteristic insects is endowed with human thoughts and feelings.
Comment on his vivid writing, relaxed and humorous tone and full of interest. This book is full of love for life and praise for all things in nature.
Morning flowers and evening flowers
Author Lu Xun China
Main character
Mr. Fujino: "Adding and changing handouts" shows that Mr. Fujino is serious and responsible in his work; Corrected Anatomy Map shows his rigorous and meticulous research. "Caring for anatomy practice reflects his concern for students from weak countries and has no national prejudice." Understanding China Women's Foot-binding embodies his characteristics of being earnest and realistic, paying attention to investigation and being rigorous in his studies.
Fan Ainong: He loves his motherland, is stubborn in honesty and refuses to go with the flow.
Chang: An uneducated clown, who loves to talk and is informal. She is an unfortunate professional woman who longs for a stable life. She is simple, kind and superstitious. He is a person who cares about children wholeheartedly. He is kind-hearted and eager to help children solve problems: keep them clean, safe and educated, and always worry about them.
Memories of the main plot.
Writing features "leisure". It means that the subject matter is "boundless" (10 are all different subjects), and it also means that the writing is arbitrary.
Commentary prose records Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depicts the life picture in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and is an important artistic document for studying Lu Xun's early thoughts and life and even the society at that time. These chapters are the classics of China's modern prose, with profound writing style.
Rickshaw Boy
Author Lao She China
Main character
Xiangzi: 1. Xiangzi has two sides. 2. Honesty, ability, tenacity, firmness, taking labor as one's own responsibility and not being humble are all virtues of working people. 3. Have the ideological imprint of individual workers.
Tigress: 1. With a strong ideology of exploiting class, he used economic advantages to control Xiangzi and satisfy his own desires, which played a catalytic role in Xiangzi's mental breakdown. 2. Tigress's personality is contradictory, complicated and tragic on the whole.
Joey: The image of a weak woman who is insulted and hurt. Beautiful, young, strong and diligent.
Si Liu: The image of a cruel, bossy and inhuman exploiter. He values money more than his daughter and doesn't care about her happiness.
The main plot is that Xiangzi sells cars and sells cars.
The first feature of writing is that it vividly depicts the manners and manners of the lower class people in Beiping with processed and refined Beijing dialect, and also depicts the natural features of Beiping and the ancient capital customs of Beijing dialect and Beijing rhyme with simple and natural brushwork, which makes the work have a strong regional cultural color and street flavor. The second is the delicate and in-depth description of the characters' psychology.
The structure of the commentary is simple and meticulous, and the plot arrangement is patchwork, revealing the oppression and exploitation of the working people in the dark old society, expressing deep sympathy for the workers and criticizing selfish and narrow individualism.
How the Steel Was Tempered
Author Ni Soviet ostrovsky
Main character
Pavel Colta King: 1. Strong and decisive, with extraordinary dedication and perseverance. 2. A steel warrior who sees greatness in the ordinary and grows up in the fire.
Zhu: calm and capable, full of organizational ability, doing underground work for a long time.
Tonia: I sympathize with the working people and treat them equally, but I long for comfort in life.
The main plot is 1. Paul's love story. 2. With physical disability and blindness, Paul continued to fight with literature as a weapon and wrote with tenacious perseverance.
The characteristics of writing span the historical region and time, which is really shocking.
Through the growth process of the protagonist Pavel Colta King in the revolutionary struggle, the commentary novel truly and artistically reflects the social characteristics and the atmosphere of the times of the Soviet Union from the October Revolution and the Civil War to the restoration of the national economy, enthusiastically praises the younger generation of the Soviet Union who fought for the motherland, and shows their growth process and spiritual outlook.
[Literary Works] Journey to the West
Author Luo Guanzhong, China,
Main character
The Monkey King: Bold. Miraculously.
Pig eight quit: lazy.
Friar Sand: Be obedient.
Tang Sanzang: Kindness.
Main plot: Monkey King and other three places fought against goblins to save Tang Priest.
The style of writing is tortuous and fascinating.
Comments on the story of four Tang masters and apprentices who went through eighty-one difficulties and went to the West to learn from the Buddhist scriptures, entrusted that people in ancient times longed for a person like the Monkey King to save people who had lived under the oppression of the old society for a long time.
Never forget
Author jules verne French
Main character
Captain Nemo: Romantic and mysterious, loving freedom and loneliness.
Pierre Aronnax: Curious, brave and knowledgeable.
The main plot is the story of French biologist Pierre Aronnax and Captain Nemo traveling in the depths of the ocean.
This article is characterized by twists and turns.
The novel review tells us: If advanced science and technology and sophisticated facilities and equipment are used to do evil, what terrible and disastrous consequences will it bring to mankind.
Who is who?
Author romain rolland French countryside
Main character
Beethoven: Ordinary and eccentric, unfortunate and lonely, music god. Beethoven's perseverance and perseverance as a giant.
Michelangelo: Charity and kindness.
Tolstoy: self-improvement, fraternity and piety.
The main plots are Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.
The writing feature is that the celebrities in biographies are world-class artists. Their lives are rich and colorful, their works are profound, and their influence has not faded with the times. Grasping the common ground of these three artists in different fields, this paper focuses on describing their mental journey of enduring suffering for a long time in pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, and writing with touching pen and ink their lofty courage to fight against fate and their great feelings of bearing the suffering of all mankind. Grasp the master's main personality characteristics, make it the soul of the whole article, and produce touching power.
Comments on the three biographies together form a strong resonance, unlike another "Symphony of Heroes".
The Water Margin?
Author Shi Naian China
Main character
Song Jiang: Loyalty, filial piety and righteousness.
Li Kui jy: Rude, reckless and just.
The main plot is the story of Song Jiang and others gathering for an uprising during the Xuanhe period in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The writing characteristics capture the personality characteristics of the characters and depict their vivid portraits.
It depicts for the first time the hero of greenwood, which has always been regarded as a scourge, and reveals the internal meaning and external characteristics of ancient greenwood culture in China. It has become an important part of China culture and China national character.
A letter from Fu Lei
Author Fu Lei China,
The main character has no personality.
Main plot This article excerpts from Mr. Fu Lei's letters from 1954 to 1966.
The characteristics of writing run through the affection of all family letters, that is, let the son know the honor and disgrace of the country and the dignity of art, treat everything with a serious attitude and be an "artist with both ability and political integrity and excellent personality".
Comments on Letter from Fu Lei is a "painstaking teaching article full of father's love" and "the best reading for art apprentices"; It is also a profound portrayal of ordinary and typical "unwise" intellectuals in modern China.
Bacon's essays
Author Francis Bacon, English countryside
The main character has no personality.
The main plot is about truth, death, humanity, high officials, knowledge and beauty.
Writing characteristics
comment
Gulliver's Travels
Author swift country, England
Main character
Gulliver: 1. He was kind and upright, helped Lilliput defeat the invaders, put out the palace fire and so on. 2. Selflessness, sincerity and respect for nature. Gulliver is a representative with all the excellent qualities of all mankind and an idealized figure, so he looks a little pale.
King of Great Britain: Smart and upright, always caring about his subjects.
Lilliputian: Lilliputian logic is absurd, the police system is corrupt, and false accusations are common.
Adult country: Adult country is an idealized and educated monarchy, and law is also the guarantee of freedom and welfare.
Scientists who fly to island countries: cruel, divorced from people and reality.
The main plots are big country, lilliputian country, flying island and wise country.
Writing is characterized by rich imagination, anthropomorphic means and satirical brushwork.
Comment on this book's relentless criticism, especially the criticism of the ruling class's corruption, incompetence, boredom, malice, debauchery, greed and arrogance.
Jane Eyre
Author charlotte bronte, English countryside
Main character
Jane Eyre: Strong. She may be insignificant, but she is the master of her own destiny.
The main plot Jane loves an unfortunate but strong life.
Writing characteristics full of passion and imagination.
comment
Tagore anthology
Tagore country India
The main character has no personality.
The main plot is Tagore's poem.
Writing is characterized by short, pithy and meaningful.
The comments on Tagore's works are beautifully written and worth reading.