In the pre-Qin period, two great countries, Qi and Lu, were born in Shandong, so Shandong was also called Qilu, and now Shandong is called "Lu" for short.
Shandong is located in the eastern coastal area, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north-central part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. From north to south, it borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in turn.
From the perspective of the whole province, the western part of Shandong is the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which is the throat connecting the eastern and central plains of China. In the middle is the Luzhong Mountain area, with high terrain and the supreme five mountains-Mount Tai is located in the Luzhong Mountain area, which is the highest point in Shandong. Shandong Peninsula is in the east, facing Liaodong Peninsula across the sea.
Shandong is rich in natural products since ancient times, known as "the storehouse of grain, cotton and oil, the hometown of fruits and aquatic products", and is an important grain and cash crop producing area in China. It is said that one fifth of Chinese cabbage produced in China comes from Shandong. This is probably the reason why Shandong is "rich".
Economically, Shandong has three most developed provinces: Shandong is one of the most developed provinces in China, one of the strongest provinces in China and one of the fastest growing provinces. Shandong is an important agricultural province in China, and its cultivated land area ranks first in China. Shandong's industry is developed, and its total industrial output value and industrial added value rank in the top three in all provinces in China, especially some large enterprises, such as Qilu Petrochemical, Shandong Electric Power and Shengli Oilfield. These are called "group economy".
Culturally, Shandong once gave birth to a large number of thinkers such as Confucius, Mencius and Mozi, as well as a large number of cultural celebrities such as Wang Xizhi, Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji. The birth of Confucianism here has deeply influenced this land.
Under the influence of Confucius and Mencius culture, Shandong people are simple, simple, sensible and hospitable.
Now the mountain in Shandong Province refers to Taihang Mountain. When it comes to Shandong province, we have to mention Shanxi province, which is really west of Taihang Mountain, but Shandong is really far east of Taihang Mountain, with Hebei Province in the middle. In fact, in the history of China, Shandong refers to different regions in different periods.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this mountain was called Lushan Mountain, which was a strategic place of Qin State. It is located in the northwest of Luoning County in western Henan today, between Xi 'an and Luoyang, and its strategic position was very important at that time. Shandong at that time refers to the area east of Lushan Mountain, and Shandong country also refers to the country east of Lushan Mountain. In fact, among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, except Qin, all the other six countries are in Shandong, also known as "Shandong Six Countries". For example, Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong talked about Chu, which is a powerful country in Shandong and Chu in the Yangtze River valley. Now you may think that it has absolutely nothing to do with Shandong, but it is also called the country of Shandong.
But in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the mountains in Shandong gradually became Taihang Mountain. Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the status of Chang 'an and Guanzhong, the old capitals, declined. Compared with Xiaoshan, Taihang Mountain in the north of Luoyang is more important, which is the result of China's political center moving eastward. Moreover, Taihang Mountain has a vast North China Plain to the east and the Yellow River to the south. Taihang Mountain is already tall and majestic, and it is logical to become a landmark of the East and the West.
The name of Shandong as an administrative division begins with gold. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), after the Song Dynasty was completely destroyed, the original JD.COM East Road and Jingdong West Road in the Song Dynasty were changed to Shandong East Road and Shandong West Road, which were under the jurisdiction of Yidu (now Qingzhou City, Shandong Province) and Dongping House (now Dongping County, Shandong Province) respectively.
In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Shandong Province was formally established, and its jurisdiction was close to that of today's Shandong Province. By the Qing Dynasty, Shandong Province was established in the Ming Dynasty, and the image of modern Shandong Province was basically clear.
So the name of Shandong Province itself contains the development and change process of China for thousands of years. If we understand this process, we can have a deeper understanding of China culture.
During the Warring States period, Shandong was not the present Shandong province, but the name of Lushan Mountain and the east of Hanguguan. Lushan Mountain is in the west of Henan Province, Hangu Pass is in Lingbao County of Henan Province, and Hangu Pass is in Xinxian County of Henan Province. Obviously, Shandong is a big concept. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States were all in Shandong except Qin, so they were called the Six Kingdoms of Shandong.
In addition, Shandong has a map, Shanxi has a general, and the dividing line between Shandong and Shanxi is Xiaoshan. At present, the mountains in Shandong and Shanxi refer to Taihang Mountain, but in fact, Shandong and Shanxi are not bordered by Hebei and Henan provinces.
Then why is Shandong called Shandong now? What are the names of Shandong?
When Yu Xia was in Kyushu, Shandong was Qingzhou. During the Shang Dynasty, there were many Dongyi people who were not from China. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Jiang Ziya was named Qi (Linzi as its capital), Duke Zhou as Lu (Qufu as its capital) and Cao as its capital (Heze as its capital).
Because Qilu is in Shandong, Shandong culture is generally called Qilu culture. Confucius is from Qufu and Mencius is from Jining, so Shandong is also known as the hometown of Confucius and Mencius.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, besides Qi and Lu, there were more than 50 vassal states, including Lai, Ju, Zou and Teng, which were successively annexed by Qi and Lu. It can be said that Qi and Lu are equivalent to Shandong now.
Lu was later destroyed by Chu, leaving only Qi, one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, in Shandong. Qin destroyed six countries and 36 counties in the world. There are seven counties in Shandong, including Linzi County, Dong Jun County, Langya County and Jibei County.
When the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Xiang Yu enfeoffed the princes, and the State of Qi was divided into three vassal states: Qi Wangtian, Jibei Wangtian 'an and Jiaodong Wangtian.
After Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, he sealed seven vassal states and gave all the land to his eldest son, Liu Fei. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the thirteenth state in the world, and Shandong included Qingzhou, Yanzhou and Xuzhou.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were ten roads in the world, and Shandong was bounded by the Yellow River, belonging to Henan Road and Hebei Road respectively.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Shandong belonged to JD.COM Road and Hebei Road, and then Jingdong West Road was added.
The Jin Dynasty established Shandong East Road and Shandong West Road in Shandong.
The Yuan Dynasty established five provinces in Shandong, including Shandong Province and Jinan Province.
In the Ming Dynasty, Shandong Foreign Affairs and Political Department was established in Shandong, including Liaodong, Tianjin and parts of Hebei.
Shandong Province was established in Shandong in Qing Dynasty.
It can be seen that the present Shandong Province is called Shandong, which began in Jin Dynasty, and Shandong is named after the east of Taihang Mountain.
Let me answer this question! Shandong is called Shandong because it is located to the east of Taihang Mountain. Shandong is located on the eastern coast of China. Weihai, the easternmost part of Shandong, faces South Korea across the sea. Shandong has a total land area of 15.7 1 10,000 square kilometers, a sea area of10.7 million square kilometers and a population of 9410.7 million. It has jurisdiction over 17 prefecture-level cities and 140 counties (urban areas).
Jinan has an area of 8 177 square kilometers and a population of 7132,000. The license plate is Lu A, and Lu O belongs to the provincial government. The area code is 053 1. Qingdao covers an area of 10654 square kilometers and has a population of 9.097 million. The license plate is Lu B, and the supplementary license plate is Lu U with a population of 4.642 million, license plate number of Lu C, telephone area code of 0533, Zaozhuang with an area of 4,600 square kilometers and a population of 3.878 million, license plate number of Lu D, telephone area code of 0632, Dongying with an area of 7,923 square kilometers and a population of 21.06 million, and Weifang with an area of/ The license plate number is Lu G, the extension is Lu V and the telephone area code is 0536. Jining covers an area of 10684 square kilometers with a population of 8,299,200. The license plate number is Lu H, the telephone area code is 0537, Tai 'an covers an area of 7,762 square kilometers and has a population of 5,600,800. The license plate number is Lu J, the telephone area code is 0538, Weihai covers an area of 5,436 square kilometers and has a population of 2,805,300. License plate number is Lu K, sunshine area is 53 10 square kilometer, population is 2.88 million, license plate number is Lu L, telephone area code is 0633, while Binzhou covers an area of 9,600 square kilometers, population is 3.859 million, license plate number is Lu M, and telephone area code is 0543. Dezhou covers an area of 10356 square kilometers, with a population of 5,742,300, license plate number Lu n, telephone area code 0534, Liaocheng an covers an area of 87 15 square kilometers, with a population of 5,970,600, license plate number Lu p, telephone area code 0635 and Linyi an area 1765438+. Population 17 184 km2, population1031.160,000, license plate number Lu q, telephone area code 0539. Heze covers an area of12,239 square kilometers and has a population of 8,500,300. The license plate number is Lu R and the telephone area code is 0530. Laiwu covers an area of 2,246 square kilometers with a population of135.160,000. The license plate number is Lu S and the telephone area code is 0634. Because Shandong belonged to Qi and Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was also called Qilu and its capital was Jinan. Moreover, Shandong is also the birthplace of Confucian culture. Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, the founder of Mohism, and the grandson of a military strategist were all born in Shandong. Shandong is the third largest economic province in China except Guangdong and Jiangsu, and the hometown of temperate fruits in China. Yantai Apple Laiyang Pear enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, and Longkou fans are all over the world. The sailing competition of the 2008 China Olympic Games was held in Qingdao.
Shandong, as its name implies, is the east of the mountain. According to the present statement, the name of Shandong is based on Taihang Mountain, and not only Shandong but also Shanxi is based on Taihang Mountain. But if people who look at the map carefully find that Shandong and Shanxi are separated by Hebei, it is not the Taihang Mountain mentioned in the book.
That's weird. Why? It turns out that Shandong is an ancient place name, which is different from the current administrative divisions. The earliest time refers to Lushan Mountain at the junction of Shaanxi and Henan. In the Qin Dynasty, the place east of Lushan Mountain was called Shandong.
This is the source of ancient Shandong, with a wide range. At that time, we called it Qi and Lu.
It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Shandong roughly referred to the scope of Shandong now. Note that it is about the Qing dynasty that really decided to continue to this day.
Shandong is called Shandong because it is located to the east of Taihang Mountain. Shandong first began to call this name in the Jin Dynasty, when it was changed to Shandong Dongxi Road; Yuan was designated as Shandong East-West Road; The Ming Dynasty was Shandong Province, which was later called Shandong Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Qing dynasty was called Shandong province, and it has been used ever since.
East of Taihang Mountain.
Shandong, located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, was called Shandong in ancient times. Similarly, Shanxi is named because it is located to the west of Taihang Mountain.
In the pre-Qin period, two great countries, Qi and Lu, were born in Shandong, so Shandong was also called Qilu, and now Shandong is called "Lu" for short.
Shandong is located in the eastern coastal area, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north-central part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. From north to south, it borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in turn.
From the perspective of the whole province, the western part of Shandong is the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which is the throat connecting the eastern and central plains of China. In the middle is the Luzhong Mountain area, with high terrain and the supreme five mountains-Mount Tai is located in the Luzhong Mountain area, which is the highest point in Shandong. Shandong Peninsula is in the east, facing Liaodong Peninsula across the sea.
Shandong is rich in natural products since ancient times, known as "the storehouse of grain, cotton and oil, the hometown of fruits and aquatic products", and is an important grain and cash crop producing area in China. It is said that one fifth of Chinese cabbage produced in China comes from Shandong. This is probably why this land in Shandong is "rich".
Economically, Shandong has three most developed provinces: Shandong is one of the most developed provinces in China, one of the strongest provinces in China and one of the fastest growing provinces. Shandong is an important agricultural province in China, and its cultivated land area ranks first in China. Shandong's industry is developed, and its total industrial output value and industrial added value rank in the top three in all provinces in China, especially some large enterprises, such as Qilu Petrochemical, Shandong Electric Power and Shengli Oilfield. These are called "group economy".
Culturally, Shandong once gave birth to a large number of thinkers such as Confucius, Mencius and Mozi, as well as a large number of cultural celebrities such as Wang Xizhi, Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji. The birth of Confucianism here has deeply influenced this land.
Under the influence of Confucius and Mencius culture, Shandong people are simple, simple, sensible and hospitable. Welcome.
Why is Shandong called Shandong? Xiao Ni has been thinking about this problem for a long time. Literally, Shandong is called Shandong because it is located to the east of Taihang Mountain. However, from the historical data, it will be found that it is not simply named after the east of Shandong, and the location of Shandong has changed in different dynasties.
Historically, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the eastern side of Ganshan was called Shandong, which refers to the collective name of the six countries. It became the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Shandong officially became an administrative region in the Jin Dynasty. The jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty is close to today, and the establishment of Shandong Province has been in use ever since.
Topographically, Shandong is located in the eastern coastal zone, with the central part protruding, hilly areas in central and southern Shandong, and gentle undulations in the eastern peninsula. The western and northern parts are formed as a part of the North China Plain due to the Yellow River alluvial.
There are many places of interest in Shandong, such as Mount Tai, the first spring in the world, and Laoshan, the highest peak of the coastline, so that tourists from Shandong can have a deeper understanding of Shandong's historical and cultural atmosphere and further understand its customs.
The word "Shandong" covers too many meanings. Only from the historical changes of Shandong regional division can we understand the historical changes of China. Xiao Ni wants everyone to know more about Shandong. Shandong people are simple and enthusiastic. Friendly Shandong welcomes everyone to be a guest.
Shandong is called "Lu" or "Qilu" for short. It faces the ocean to the east and the mainland to the west. The horizontal terrain is divided into peninsula and continent. Shandong Peninsula in the east stands out between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and faces Liaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait. Miaodao islands stands in the Bohai Strait, which is the dividing line between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and has become an important coastal defense gateway to defend the capital Beijing. Shandong is a hilly area in the south-central part of Shandong, where the central part of the terrain is prominent. Most of the eastern part of the peninsula is hilly, with gentle ups and downs, gentle valley width and slope, belonging to the hilly area of eastern Shandong; The west and north are the plains alluvial by the Yellow River, which are part of the North China Plain and belong to the Northwest Shandong Plain. The hilly area in central and southern Shandong lies to the west of Yishu fault zone, to the south of Yellow River and Xiaoqing River, and to the east of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is the highest and widest mountainous area in the province. The four mountains of Thailand, Shandong, Yi and Mongolia, whose main peak is above 1000 meters, constitute the backbone of the whole region. The hilly area in eastern Shandong is located in the east of Shuhe and Weihe river basins, surrounded by the sea on three sides. Except for Laoshan Mountain, Kunyu Mountain and Ai Shan, which are more than 700 meters above sea level, a few peaks stand in hilly areas. The history of civilization in Shandong can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago, and it is one of the birthplaces of oriental civilization. China's earliest writing-"Dawenkou" and Dinggong Village's "Longshan Pottery Book" were discovered in Shandong, and China's earliest city-state "Chengziya Longshan Ancient City" was discovered, which owns the oldest Great Wall in China-Qi Great Wall. It is also one of the birthplaces of ceramics and silk. In the history of Shandong, a large number of historical celebrities have had an important influence on China culture: Confucianism, founded by Confucius, a great thinker, educator and politician, has become the pillar of China culture and has a great influence in the world. Sun Tzu, a famous ancient strategist, is still a classic admired by Chinese and foreign military and business circles.